Advanced Current Collectors for Alkali Metal Anodes

High-energy-density batteries are in urgent need to solve the ever-increasing energy storage demand for portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and renewable solar and wind energy systems. Alkali metals, typically lithium(Li), sodium(Na) and potassium(K), are considered as the promising anode materials owing to their low electrochemical potential, low density, and high theoretical gravimetric capacities. However, the problem of dendrite growth of alkali metals during their plating/stripping process will lead to low Coulombic efficiencies, a short lifespan and huge volume expansion, eventually hindering their practical commercialization. To resolve this issue, a very effective approach is engineering the anodes on structured current collectors. This review summarizes the development of the alkali metal batteries and discusses the recent advances in rational design of anode current collectors. First, the challenges and strategies of suppressing alkali-metal dendrite growth are presented. Then the special attention is paid to the novel current collector design for dendrite-free alkali metal anodes. Finally, we give conclusions and perspective on the current challenges and future research directions toward advanced anode current collectors for alkali metal batteries.     

A Novel, Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Ferrocenyl Enones and Alkynols

Propargylic alcohols are versatile precursors to many organic molecules including natural products and pharmaceutical compounds.[1] In our continuing interest in the development of practical methods for synthesis of ferrocene derivatives, we decided to investigate the efficiencies of ferrocenylacetylene addition to aromatic aldehydes under t-BuOKcatalyzed condition.[2] Interestingly, we found that the usually reliable coupling reaction between terminal alkyne of type 1 and aromatic aldehydes of type 2 does not furnish the expected propargylic alcohols, but that the isomeric aryl enones 3are found in high yield and very short reaction time (10～20 min). This provided a promising protocol for preparation of ferrocenyl chalcones in a practical, economical and mild sense compared with the traditional method. To the best of our knowledge, this unusual reaction was first observed for the addition of ferrocenylacetylene to aldehyde in a base-catalyzed manner (Eq. 1).     

电缆电视系统中的非线性失真理论研究

从理论上论述了二价失真,三阶失真、互相调制及交扰调制的产生机理,分析了影响非线性失真指标的关键因素,并给出了减小非线性失真的主要途径.     

绿脓杆菌外毒素A与Ⅱ型单纯疱疹病毒糖蛋白嵌合表达质粒的构建及其免疫原性的研究

构建外毒素结构域Ⅰ a基因(EPA103)与Ⅱ型单纯疱疹病毒糖蛋白(HSV-2-gD)嵌合蛋白表达载体(pET-EgD),得到嵌合表达蛋白.利用外毒素结构域Ⅰ a基因表达蛋白的佐剂效应,以pET-EgD表达嵌合蛋白免疫Balb/c小鼠.结果显示:嵌合表达蛋白(pET-EgD)免疫小鼠,可在小鼠体内诱导产生抗HSV-2特异性抗体.嵌合表达蛋白(pET-EgD)具有较强的免疫原性,为开发研究Ⅱ型单纯疱疹核酸疫苗奠定了基础.     

电子商务税收政策的国际借鉴与思考

分析了美国与欧盟的电子商务税收政策,探讨了借鉴国际经验完善我国电子商务税收政策的方法,提出了建立、完善我国电子商务税收政策的具体措施.     

第指数函数与指数函数之比较

本文给出了第指函数的定义，讨论了第指数函数与指数函数的差异，结合它们的图象，分析了二者的不同特征。     

青少年网络犯罪心理浅析

介绍青少年网络犯罪问题产生的背景及网络犯罪的特点,剖析青少年网络犯罪心理,通过对青少年网络犯罪实例的分析,提出预防青少年网络犯罪的方法.     

4-咪唑甲酸乙酯的制备

甘氨酸经乙酰化、酯化，在氢化钠作用下与甲酸乙酯缩合，然后在盐酸条件下与硫氰酸钾关环，最后通过双氧水氧化脱巯基，得到咪唑甲酸乙酯，总产率为13％．产物经核磁、元素分析表征．     

浅论新型师生关系的建构

随着素质教育的不断推进和深化，建立新型的师生关系在教学改革中显得尤为重要。通过师生相互沟通使学生参与教学决策，通过了解学生需求以融合师生感情并增强学生的主体意识，从而在更高的层次上激发学生参与教学活动和教学管理的积极性、主动性，使学生能够开放思维的空间，激发创新灵感，并真正成为学习的主人。     

邻、对甲酚与对二甲苯固液平衡

为结晶提纯邻甲酚和对甲酚,采用差示扫描量热法测定了邻甲酚和对甲酚分别与对二甲苯二元固液平衡数据,同时绘制出相应的简单低共熔型二元相图.低共熔组成和温度为:邻甲酚 (x) 对二甲苯 (1 -x),x=0.420 5,T=271.82K;对甲酚(x) 对二甲苯(1-x),x=0.459 8,T=272.52K.采用Ott方程对固液平衡数据进行关联,温度标准偏差不大于 0. 8K;根据固液平衡热力学基本关系,应用UNIFAC基团贡献法计算溶液活度系数,所得固液平衡计算值和实验值比较接近,说明UNIFAC法对以上体系是适用的.