三角阵列超材料的声传播特性

为了使声波产生不同于传统天然声学材料的反常传输特性,采用COMSOL有限元方法模拟了声波在局域共振型声子晶体中的传播特性,给出了二维三组元局域共振型声子晶体的振动机制,并以原胞为基础构建了三角形阵列的声学超材料模型,探究声波与该模型内原胞间的局域共振特性。仿真结果表明,从三角阵列模型底边入射的平面点状及线状激励声源在受到模型的调控后都会重新在顶角处汇聚成焦点;通过入射由三角阵列构成的矩形模型能实现点源的低损耗搬移效果;将两至三个相同的三角阵列组合成平行四边形和梯形模型后会产生平面声波的变向传输。模拟结果显示,此种以原胞为基础的三角形声学超材料阵列模型,在共振频率下会产生反常声学现象,并且随着模型构造的改变,其共振特性也会随之变化,产生不同的反常声学现象。研究结果可为声隐身、声探测及声波低损耗定向传输等研究提供新思路。     

C/SiC复合材料摩擦性能及储油性能分析

复合材料因性能独特而备受关注,但其自身结构复杂且受到诸多因素的影响,因而对其摩擦学性能的研究仍有待进一步加强。为了对比不同摩擦配副对C/SiC复合材料摩擦性能及储油性能的影响,以C/SiC复合材料为研究对象,运用销盘摩擦学试验方法,研究了C/SiC复合材料与45#钢以及C/SiC复合材料与ZrO₂材料摩擦配副的摩擦学性能,采用三维形貌仪等仪器对C/SiC复合材料摩擦后的表面进行表征分析,研究其摩擦后的表面质量及其储油性能。结果表明,C/SiC复合材料与45#钢磨损剧烈,摩擦后表面储油性能严重下降;其与ZrO₂对磨则摩擦系数较低,磨损量较小,摩擦后的表面仍保持了较好的承载性能及储油性能,是一种良好的摩擦配副。研究结果为拓展C/SiC复合材料的应用及揭示其摩擦学特性提供了有力支撑。     

数字人文背景下古籍资源数字化的意义探讨

数字人文是当代信息技术与人文领域融合衍生出的新兴领域,其为古籍资源的整理与研究带来了新的发展机遇。本文从数字人文的兴起与发展出发,分析数字人文对古籍研究领域产生的影响,探讨古籍资源数字化的意义。     

中南半岛恐怖袭击事件时空演变特征分析

 以国际恐怖主义事件数据库等数据源为基础,采用空间统计和核密度分析方法,分析了中南半岛恐怖袭击的时空演变特征,探讨了恐怖袭击目标和方式的转变特征,介绍了中南半岛恐怖袭击事件中的主要恐怖组织。研究表明,中南半岛逐渐成为恐怖组织袭击的重点区域之一,并且采取的方式杀伤性更强,政府应该采取措施预防应对恐怖袭击事件。     

One-step preparation of branched PEG functionalized AIE-active luminescent polymeric nanoprobes

The synthesis of amphiphilic aggregation-induced emission(AIE) dyes based organic nanoparticles has recently attracted increasing attention in the biomedical fields. These AIE dyes based nanoparticles could effectively overcome the aggregation caused quenching effect of conventional organic dyes, making them promising candidates for fabrication of ultrabright organic luminescent nanomaterials. In this work, AIE-active luminescent polymeric nanoparticles(4-NH_2-PEG-TPE-E LPNs) were facilely fabricated through Michael addition reaction between tetraphenylethene acrylate(TPE-E) and 4-arm-poly(ethylene glycol)-amine(4-NH_2-PEG) in rather mild ambient. The 4-NH_2-PEG can not only endow these AIE-active LPNs good water dispersibility, but also provide functional groups for further conjugation reaction. The size, morphology and luminescent properties of 4-NH_2-PEG-TPE-E LPNs were characterized by a series of techniques in detail. Results suggested that these AIE-active LPNs showed spherical morphology with diameter about 100–200 nm. The obtained 4-NH_2-PEG-TPE-E LPNs display high water dispersibility and strong fluorescence intensity because of their self assembly and AIE properties of TPE-E.Biological evaluation results demonstrated that 4-NH_2-PEG-TPE-E LPNs showed negative toxicity toward cancer cells and good fluorescent imaging performance. All of these features make 4-NH_2-PEG-TPE-E LPNs promising candidates for biological imaging and therapeutic applications.     

Seed‐Mediated Synthesis of Gold Tetrahedra in High Purity and with Tunable,Well‐Controlled Sizes

We report a facile synthesis of Au tetrahedra in high purity and with tunable, well‐controlled sizes via seed‐mediated growth. The success of this synthesis relies on the use of single‐crystal, spherical Au nanocrystals as the seeds and manipulation of the reaction kinetics to induce an unsymmetrical growth pattern for the seeds. In particular, the dropwise addition of a precursor solution with a syringe pump, assisted by cetyltrimethylammonium chloride and bromide at appropriate concentrations, was found to be critical to the formation of Au tetrahedra in high purity. Their sizes could be readily tuned in the range of 30–60 nm by simply varying the amount of precursor added to the reaction solution. The current strategy not only enables the synthesis of Au tetrahedra with tunable and controlled sizes but also provides a facile and versatile approach to reducing the symmetry of nanocrystals made of a face‐centered cubic lattice.     

Determination of hydroxysafflor yellow A in biological fluids of patients with traumatic brain injury by UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS after injection of Xuebijing

A simple, novel, specific, rapid and reproducible ultra‐performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for the determination of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) in biological fluids (plasma, urine and cerebrospinal fluid) of patients with traumatic brain injury after intravenous injection of Xuebijing (XBJ). Liquid–liquid extraction was performed, and separation was carried out on an Acquity UPLC? BEH C₁₈ column, with gradient elution using a mobile phase composed of methanol and 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. A triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization was used for the detection of HSYA. The mass transition followed was m/z 611.0 → 491. The retention time was less than 3.0 min. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range from 2 to 6125 ng/mL for cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and urine. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were <10%, and the relative standard deviation of recovery was <15% for HSYA in biological matrices. The method was successfully applied for the first time to quantify HSYA in the biological fluids (especially in cerebrospinal fluid) of patients with traumatic brain injury following intravenous administration of XBJ. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

两种二氧化硅负载钯催化体系的制备及其在4-硝基苯酚催化降解中的应用

采用一步合成法和分步合成法制备了胺基改性二氧化硅,并通过浸渍法制备得到两种二氧化硅负载钯的催化体系.通过紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)、红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和马尔文激光粒度仪等分析方法对催化体系的微观结构和催化性能进行了研究,并对比了这两种催化体系的催化活性和循环使用性能.实验结果表明,由一步法和分步法制得的催化体系的直径分别为3.15μm和0.35μm左右,均能很好地负载金属钯,制备出两种含钯的高效催化剂.它们对模拟污染物4-硝基苯酚都有较高的催化活性,但在循环性能测试中,采用一步法得到的催化体系比分步法制备的体系表现出更好的催化活性.     

Asymmetric synthesis of β-fluoroaryl-β-amino acids

The conjugate addition of lithium (R)-N-benzyl-N-(α-methylbenzyl)amide to a range of β-fluoroaryl-α,β-unsaturated esters gave the corresponding β-amino esters with high diastereoselectivity and in good isolated yields. Sequential treatment of the resultant β-fluoroaryl-β-amino esters under optimised hydrogenolysis conditions, followed by ester hydrolysis with 2.0 M aq HCl, provided access to a range of β-fluoroaryl-β-amino acids in good yield.     

(R)-3-乙酸奎宁环基酯的合成

分别以(R)-3-奎宁环醇与乙酸乙酯的酯交换法和(R)-3-奎宁环醇与乙酸酐的乙酸酐法合成了(R)-3-乙酸奎宁环基酯。通过考察原料摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间对产品收率的影响探索了合适的合成工艺。结果表明,乙酸酐法得到的产品收率远远高于酯交换法得到的产品收率,收率最高可达86.1%。