Platinum(II)-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of alkynylbenzonitriles: synthesis of 1-alkoxyisoquinolines and isoquinolones

A facile synthesis of a series of 1-alkoxyisoquinolines and (2H)-isoquinolones by an intramolecular 6-endo-dig cyclization of ortho-alkynylbenzonitriles in the presence of a catalytic amount of hydrido(dimethylphosphinous acid-κP)[hydrogen bis(dimethylphosphinito-κP)]platinum(II) in various alcohols at 65-90 °C is described for the first time.     

Implementation of an All-Optical NOR Gate Using a Multi-Wavelength Injection-Locked Diode Laser

We demonstrated an all optical NOR gate operating at 10 Gb/s using a multi-wavelength mutual injection-locked Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP-LD).     

Spreading speed and travelling wave solutions of a partially sedentary population

In this paper, we extend the population genetics model of Weinberger(1978, Asymptotic behavior of a model in population genetics.Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations and Applications (J.Chadam ed.). Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 648. New York:Springer, pp. 47–98.) to the case where a fraction ofthe population does not migrate after the selection process.Mathematically, we study the asymptotic behaviour of solutionsto the recursion u_n+1 = Q_g[u_n], where In the above definition of Q_g, K is a probabilitydensity function and f behaves qualitatively like the Beverton–Holtfunction. Under some appropriate conditions on K and f, we showthat for each unit vector R^d, there exists a c^*_g() which hasan explicit formula and is the spreading speed of Q_g in thedirection . We also show that for each c c^*_g(), there existsa travelling wave solution in the direction which is continuousif gf '(0) 1.     

Particulate matter (PM10) from São Carlos-SP (Brazil): spectroanalytical techniques to evaluate and determine chemical elements

Chemical composition of PM10 was studied during the period of 2014–2015 in the city of São Carlos, Brazil (‘Dos Voluntários’ Square). PM10 samples were directly analysed by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence – WD-XRF (Al, Ca, Ce, Cl, Fe, K, Mg, P, S, Si, Ti, V, and Zn), and by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy – LIBS (Ba, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Si and Ti) both for qualitative purposes. For quantitative analysis of Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, K, Na, S, and Zn, the analytes were extracted from samples of PM10 collected, in filters of glass fibre, with an extractive acid solution (HNO₃ and HCl) and determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry – ICP OES. Spatial variations of elemental concentrations (ng m^–3) were significantly higher in winter Al (19.0), Ba (13.6), Ca (20.0), Na (27.0), S (37.1), and Zn (9.5), autumn showed the highest concentration of Na (26.4), spring showed the highest concentration of Fe (11.6), K (13.1) and also S (25.3) and summer did not show a high concentration in the comparison between the seasons at the site. Using principal component analysis (PCA), as a data interpretation tool, with the data obtained by the WD-XRF and LIBS it was not possible to obtain a good correlation, but with the data of ICP OES, it was possible to verify correlations between identified and determinate elements, with samples collected in the autumn, winter, spring and summer seasons in the city of São Carlos. These associated analytical techniques were excellent tools in environmental monitoring, through the analysis of PM10 samples, presenting reliable and efficiency strategy, and based on the PCA and the EF equation was possible to draw the profile of the possible origins of these elements in the city.     

GSH and H2O2 Co-Activatable Mitochondria-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy under Normoxia and Hypoxia

Currently, photosensitizers (PSs) that are microenvironment responsive and hypoxia active are scarcely available and urgently desired for antitumor photodynamic therapy (PDT). Presented herein is the design of a redox stimuli activatable metal-free photosensitizer (aPS), also functioning as a pre-photosensitizer as it is converted to a PS by the mutual presence of glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) with high specificity on a basis of domino reactions on the benzothiadiazole ring. Superior to traditional PSs, the activated aPS contributed to efficient generation of reactive oxygen species including singlet oxygen and superoxide ion through both type 1 and type 2 pathways, alleviating the aerobic requirement for PDT. Equipped with a triphenylphosphine ligand for mitochondria targeting, ^mito aPS showed excellent phototoxicity to tumor cells with low light fluence under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, after activation by intracellular GSH and H₂O₂. The ^mito aPS was also compatible to near infrared PDT with two photon excitation (800 nm) for extensive bioapplications.     

Multistimuli responsive micelles based on well‐defined amphiphilic comb poly(ether amine) (acPEA)

A series of well‐defined amphiphilic comb poly (ether amine)s (acPEAs) were successfully synthesized through nucleophilic addition/ring‐opening reaction of commercial available poly(propylene glycol) (PPO) diglycidyl ether and Jeffamine L100, followed by esterification of hydroxyl groups in backbone by alkyl carboxylic acid with different chain length. acPEAs are comprised of hydrophilic short PEO chains and hydrophobic alkyl chains as comb chains, which are grafted on PPO backbone alternately to form well‐defined structure. With the very low critical micelle concentration (CMC) of around 3.0 × 10^?3 g/L, the obtained acPEAs can self‐assemble into stable nanomicelles, whose aggregation is responsive to temperature, pH, and ionic strength with tunable cloud point (CP). The CP of acPEAs' aqueous solution increases with the decrease of the length of graft alkyl chains, the decrease of pH value, and the decrease of ionic strength. A transition behavior in the responsive aggregation of micelles formed by acPEA8 and acPEA10 in aqueous solution, especially at low pH value (<7.0), was observed, which was also revealed by DLS results. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3468–3475, 2010     

高分子铑配合物（PYBRh）催化甲醇羰基化为乙酸和乙酸酐的动力学研究

采用２－乙烯吡啶－丁烯酮共聚物为配体，与四羰基二氯二铑形成顺二羰基铑（Ｉ）配合物（ＰＹＢＲｈ），用于催化甲醇羰基化制备乙酸和乙酸酐的反应动力学研究。结果表明，其对反应物甲醇和一氧化碳均为零级反应，在一定范围内，对高分子铑催化剂及助催化剂碘甲烷均为一级反应，极性溶剂的加入可以提高甲醇羰基化速度。通过实验结果计算了其反应活化能，活化熵和热焓研究证明其反应机理与小分子铑催化剂相似。     

7A04铝合金产品黑斑原因分析

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪,分析了7A04铝合金产品产生黑斑的原因.结果表明,化合物偏析和局部腐蚀是引起7A04铝合金产品产生黑斑的原因.