26 mJ Total Output from a Gain-Switched Single-Mode Er3+-Doped Zblan Fiber Laser Operating at 2.8 $$ \mu $$m

We demonstrate a laser-diode-pumped gain-switched Er³⁺-doped ZrF₄-BaF₂-LaF₃-AlF₃-NaF (ZBLAN) fiber laser operating in a single transverse mode at 2.8 \( \mu \)m. The laser pulses produced offer high-pulse energies, with repetition rates ranging from 50 Hz to 10 kHz and a slope efficiency of approximately 14.3% with respect to the launched pump power. The average power at the 50 Hz repetition rate is 1.33 W, giving a maximum total output pulse energy of 26.6 mJ per pump pulse. The fiber laser operates in a single mode, with beam quality factor M² less than 1.2.     

Transparent conducting Sn-doped Ga1.4In0.6O3 films prepared on α-Al2O3 (0 0 0 1) by MOCVD

Sn-doped Ga_1.4In_0.6O₃ films have been prepared on α-Al₂O₃ (0 0 0 1) substrates by the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method. The Sn-doping was varied from 0% to 7% (atomic ratio). Polycrystalline films with resistivity of 4.9 × 10⁻³Ω cm, carrier concentration of 5.9 × 10¹⁹ cm⁻³ and Hall mobility of 21.4 cm² v⁻¹ s⁻¹ was obtained at 5 at.% of Sn concentration. The average transmittance for the Sn-doped Ga_1.4In_0.6O₃ films in the visible range was over 90%. The bandgap of the films varies from 3.85 to 4.21 eV.     

有向无标度网络灾害扩散动力学行为研究

分析了有向网络上灾害扩散的动态模型,将模型演化的最终形态分为系统稳定、波动与崩溃3种情形.以节点的修复率作为衡量灾害扩散程度的量化指标.探讨了在指数可调的有向无标度网络上,灾害随时间的扩散情况以及自修复因子和节点阈值对灾害扩散的影响.仿真结果表明.自修复因子存在2个临界值.对应着系统的3种状态之间的转换.随着无标度网络幂律指数的增大.灾害扩散程度降低.最后,利用网络节点的集线中心权重指标建立了灾害预防与控制策略.     

小净距立交隧道开挖围岩稳定性声发射监测

终南山公路隧道2号通风竖井通风道施工过程中要跨越主隧道,为了预防爆破震动对终南山公路隧道耦合破坏效应的影响,确保主隧道围岩的稳定性与结构安全,采用声发射(acoustic emission,AE)技术对主隧道关键点进行了监测.根据监测结果,及时调整爆破参数,确保上跨隧道安全施工.     

激光脉冲在等离子体中的压缩分裂

通过数值求解一维非线性薛定谔方程,研究了圆偏振入射激光脉冲在初始密度范围为1/4到略低于1倍临界密度的等离子体中的自压缩和分裂现象. 提高等离子体密度和入射激光强度以及减小脉冲宽度可以在更短的传输距离获得有效的激光脉冲压缩,压缩后的脉冲半高宽度可达到初始脉冲半高宽度的1/35,甚至更小. 这种压缩是激光脉冲在等离子体中形成高阶孤子的过程中产生的,可以获得比在稀薄等离子体中更好的压缩比例. 数值计算的结果给出了该情况下激光脉冲在等离子体中自压缩后形成的高阶孤子分裂. 利用一维粒子数值模拟程序(particle-in-cell,PIC)也观察到了脉冲的压缩和分裂现象,得到了与数值计算一致的结果. 关键词： 非线性薛定谔方程 自压缩 脉冲分裂 粒子模拟     

Transient binding and dissipation in cross-linked actin networks

In contrast with entangled actin solutions, transiently cross-linked actin networks can provide highly elastic properties while still allowing for local rearrangements in the microstructure-on biological relevant time scales. Here, we show that thermal unbinding of transient cross-links entails local stress relaxation and energy dissipation in an intermediate elasticity dominated frequency regime. We quantify the viscoelastic response of an isotropically cross-linked actin network by experimentally tuning the off rate of the transiently cross-linking molecules, their density, and the solvent viscosity. We reproduce the measured frequency response by a semiphenomenological model that is predicated on microscopic unbinding events.     

The influence of surface microchemistry in protective film formation on multi-phase magnesium alloys

The high strength:weight ratio of magnesium alloys makes them an ideal metal for automotive and aerospace applications where weight reduction is of significant concern. Unfortunately, magnesium alloys are highly susceptible to corrosion particularly in salt-spray conditions. This has limited their use in the automotive and aerospace industries, where exposure to harsh service conditions is unavoidable. The simplest way to avoid corrosion is to coat the magnesium-based substrate by a process such as electroless plating, which is a low-cost, non line of sight process.Magnesium is classified as a difficult to plate metal due to its high reactivity. This means that in the presence of air magnesium very quickly forms a passive oxide layer that must be removed prior to plating. Furthermore, high aluminium content alloys are especially difficult to plate due to the formation of intermetallic species at the grain boundaries, resulting in a non-uniform surface potential across the substrate and thereby further complicating the plating process.The objective of this study is to understand how the magnesium alloy microstructure influences the surface chemistry of the alloy during both pretreatment and immersion copper coating of the substrate.A combination of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and scanning Auger microscopy has been used to study the surface chemistry at the various stages of the coating process. Our results indicate that the surface chemistry of the alloy is different on the aluminum rich β phase of the material compared to the magnesium matrix which leads to preferential deposition of the metal on the aluminum rich phase of the alloy.     

基于电子电力变压器的无功优化研究

EPT应用于配电系统原、副方无功功率可独立灵活调节,电力系统无功优化问题可以转化为局部网络无功优化问题,大大降低了求解规模和难度,从而容易实时实现全网无功优化控制。通过改进的遗传算法验证了配电系统采用EPT后,对无功潮流有更灵活的调节能力,在实现无功潮流优化调度时,具有比OLTC更好的效果。     

Navier–Stokes Equations with Navier Boundary Conditions for an Oceanic Model

We consider the Navier–Stokes equations in a thin domain of which the top and bottom surfaces are not flat. The velocity fields are subject to the Navier conditions on those boundaries and the periodicity condition on the other sides of the domain. This toy model arises from studies of climate and oceanic flows. We show that the strong solutions exist for all time provided the initial data belong to a “large” set in the Sobolev space H ¹. Furthermore we show, for both the autonomous and the nonautonomous problems, the existence of a global attractor for the class of all strong solutions. This attractor is proved to be also the global attractor for the Leray–Hopf weak solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations. One issue that arises here is a nontrivial contribution due to the boundary terms. We show how the boundary conditions imposed on the velocity fields affect the estimates of the Stokes operator and the (nonlinear) inertial term in the Navier–Stokes equations. This results in a new estimate of the trilinear term, which in turn permits a short and simple proof of the existence of strong solutions for all time.     

基于近红外漫反射测量的便携式土壤有机质测定仪的开发

开发了一款基于近红外漫反射测量的便携式土壤有机质测定仪。测定仪主要由光学单元和电路单元组成。光学单元包括光源、入射和反射光信号传导光纤、光电转换器件等。电路单元包括光源驱动电路,放大电路、A/D转换电路、液晶显示和U盘存储电路等。工作时探头部分插入土壤形成密闭空间,光源发出的光通过入射光纤传送到探头的顶端,并照射顶端周围的土壤;来自土壤的漫反射光沿反射光纤被传送到光电转换器件,产生的电流再被送至电路单元进行放大、滤波、A/D转换、显示和存储。分别针对自然土样和烘干土样的性能试验结果表明,反射率和SOM含量之间具有很高的相关性,在土壤有机质实际含量大于2%时,平均相对误差率低于5%。开发的仪器能够满足农业生产需要。