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31.
Compared with linear polymers, more factors may affect the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of a hyperbranched structure, for instance, the contents of end groups, the chemical properties of end groups, branching junctions, and the compactness of a hyperbranched structure. Tg's decrease with increasing content of end‐group free volumes, whereas they increase with increasing polarity of end groups, junction density, or compactness of a hyperbranched structure. However, end‐group free volumes are often a prevailing factor according to the literature. In this work, chain‐end, free‐volume theory was extended for predicting the relations of Tg to conversion (X) and molecular weight (M) in hyperbranched polymers obtained through one‐pot approaches of either polycondensation or self‐condensing vinyl polymerization. The theoretical relations of polymerization degrees to monomer conversions in developing processes of hyperbranched structures reported in the literature were applied in the extended model, and some interesting results were obtained. Tg's of hyperbranched polymers showed a nonlinear relation to reciprocal molecular weight, which differed from the linear relation observed in linear polymers. Tg values decreased with increasing molecular weight in the low‐molecular‐weight range; however, they increased with increasing molecular weight in the high‐molecular‐weight range. Tg values decreased with increasing log M and then turned to a constant value in the high‐molecular‐weight range. The plot of Tg versus 1/M or log M for hyperbranched polymers may exhibit intersecting straight‐line behaviors. The intersection or transition does not result from entanglements that account for such intersections in linear polymers but from a nonlinear feature in hyperbranched polymers according to chain‐end, free‐volume theory. However, the conclusions obtained in this work cannot be extended to dendrimers because after the third generation, the end‐group extents of a dendrimer decrease with molecular weight. Thus, it is very possible for a dendrimer that Tg increases with 1/M before the third generation; however, it decreases with 1/M after the third generation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1235–1242, 2004 相似文献
32.
Xiaohui Yang Xiaoying Sun Jiajia Shao Yunhang Liu Xinling Wang 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2004,42(22):4195-4198
A series of polymer electrolytes based on multiarm polymers and lithium salt complexes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and impedance measurement. The relationships of conductivity with salt concentration, temperature, and arm numbers are discussed. It is suggested that the star polymer has a higher solvency and ion transfer ability on lithium salts than on linear polymers. The conductivity maximum appeared at a higher salt concentration ([EO]/[Li] = 4). Impedance measurement suggested that the optimum conductivity was 2 × 10?4 s · cm?1. The conductivity increased with temperature and the dependence of ionic conductivity on temperature fits the Arrhenius equation. Among the studied systems, the star polymer with a five arm number performs better than other structures. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 4195–4198, 2004 相似文献
33.
Hydrogels containing benzo-18-crown-6 were used to modify microcantilevers for measurements of the concentration of Pb2+ in aqueous solutions. These microcantilevers undergo bending deflection upon exposure to solutions containing various Pb2+ concentrations as the result of a swelling of the hydrogels. It was found that a concentration of 10(-6) M Pb2+ can be detected using this technology. Other cations, such as Na+, have no effect on the deflection of this cantilever. The cation K+, which also complexes with benzo-18-crown-6, could interfere with Pb2+ detection, but only at high concentrations (> 10(-4) M). 相似文献
34.
Double-diffusive convection due to a cylindrical source submerged in a salt-stratified solution is numerically investigated
in this study. For proper simulation of the vortex generated around the cylinder, a computational domain with irregular shape
is employed. Flow conditions depend strongly on the thermal Rayleigh number, Ra
T
, and the buoyancy ratio, R
ρ. There are two types of onset of instability existing in the flow field. Both types are due to either the interaction of
the upward temperature gradient and downward salinity gradient or the interaction of the lateral temperature gradient and
downward salinity gradient. The onset of layer instability due to plume convection is due to the former, whereas, the onset
of layer instability of layers around the cylinder is due to the latter. Both types can be found in the flow field. The transport
mechanism of layers at the top of the basic plume belongs to former while that due to basic plume and layer around the cylinder
are the latter. The increase in Ra
T
reinforces the plume convection and reduces the layer numbers generated around the cylinder for the same buoyancy ratio.
For the same Ra
T
, the increase of R
ρ suppresses the plume convection but reinforces the layers generated around the cylinder. The profiles of local Nusselt number
reflects the heat transfer characteristics of plume convection and layered structure. The profiles of averaged Nusselt number
are between the pure conduction and natural convection modes and the variation is due to the evolution of layers.
Received on 13 September 1996 相似文献
35.
文[1]曾报道将蓖麻油提取物精制品制成乳剂和多相脂质体,进行动物体内外抗癌活性实验,结果表明该提取物具有较强的抗癌活性,但其抗癌活性成分的组成和含量尚不清楚.本实验就蓖麻油提取物的组成和含量进行气相色谱分析. 相似文献
36.
过渡金属乙酰丙酮配合物引发淀粉与烯基单体接枝共聚 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
研究了Mn(Ⅲ)、Co(Ⅲ)、Cr(Ⅲ)和V(Ⅳ)的乙酰丙酮配合物引发淀粉与MMA、AN、AM和AA接枝共聚合反应的引发活性。实验表明,4种引发体系中,Mn(acac)3的引发活性最佳,它可以有效地引发淀粉与上述4种单体的接枝共聚合反应,并获得较高的PG;Co(acac)3和Cr(acac)3仅对水溶性烯基单体AM、AA有良好的引发活性;Vo(acac)2对4种单体的引发活性均较低。4种单体中,水 相似文献
37.
The micro element content of food is an important quality index due to the action of these elements on human health. In this
article, we discuss how to ensure the reliability of analytical data on micro elements in order to truly represent the condition
of food. Sampling, treatment of the analytical sample, selection of the analytical method, standard solution, and certified
reference material, blank test, calibration of the instrument and equipment, application of the quality control chart, assessment
of the final analytical result, and quality assurance system are briefly described.
Received: 5 July 2001 Accepted: 19 November 2001 相似文献
38.
发电厂相变干冷排热系统优化与不确定性分析初探 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过火力发电厂相变空气干式冷却排热系统的热经济学分析,提出了相变干式冷却系统优化的目标函数和优化参数,利用数值计算的可变容差法进行优化计算,取得了满意的结果,为了保证优化在可变经济环境的可靠性动力稳定性, 对优化结果进行了不确定性分析。 相似文献
39.
本文对梯形水平折梁(0≤α<∏2)和矩形水平折架(α=∏2)用最小余能原理进行了内力分析,并导出了相应的计算公式,可在工程结构设计中采用 相似文献
40.
1 工作原理及电路组成图给出电路原理框图.以工作发射频率为时钟脉冲,调制脉冲作为闸门开启时间,将调制脉冲予以延迟作为接收信号的选通脉冲来关闭闸门,这个时间就是声脉冲从换能器发射到采样点,再回到接收换能器所经过的时间,用这个时间来控制时钟脉冲予以汁数、寄存、译码,以数字形 相似文献