全文获取类型
收费全文 | 148632篇 |
免费 | 18088篇 |
国内免费 | 12250篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 72205篇 |
晶体学 | 964篇 |
力学 | 6758篇 |
综合类 | 532篇 |
数学 | 12178篇 |
物理学 | 40166篇 |
综合类 | 46167篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 685篇 |
2023年 | 2737篇 |
2022年 | 4391篇 |
2021年 | 4949篇 |
2020年 | 4679篇 |
2019年 | 4162篇 |
2018年 | 3832篇 |
2017年 | 3620篇 |
2016年 | 5326篇 |
2015年 | 5627篇 |
2014年 | 7173篇 |
2013年 | 8715篇 |
2012年 | 10814篇 |
2011年 | 10762篇 |
2010年 | 7701篇 |
2009年 | 7536篇 |
2008年 | 8161篇 |
2007年 | 7624篇 |
2006年 | 6899篇 |
2005年 | 6095篇 |
2004年 | 4807篇 |
2003年 | 3808篇 |
2002年 | 3557篇 |
2001年 | 3322篇 |
2000年 | 3263篇 |
1999年 | 4739篇 |
1998年 | 4155篇 |
1997年 | 4205篇 |
1996年 | 4047篇 |
1995年 | 3421篇 |
1994年 | 3119篇 |
1993年 | 2632篇 |
1992年 | 2333篇 |
1991年 | 2036篇 |
1990年 | 1794篇 |
1989年 | 1523篇 |
1988年 | 1270篇 |
1987年 | 936篇 |
1986年 | 639篇 |
1985年 | 432篇 |
1984年 | 287篇 |
1983年 | 222篇 |
1982年 | 162篇 |
1981年 | 122篇 |
1980年 | 115篇 |
1979年 | 67篇 |
1978年 | 58篇 |
1977年 | 62篇 |
1976年 | 56篇 |
1975年 | 55篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 13 毫秒
31.
Hydrogels containing benzo-18-crown-6 were used to modify microcantilevers for measurements of the concentration of Pb2+ in aqueous solutions. These microcantilevers undergo bending deflection upon exposure to solutions containing various Pb2+ concentrations as the result of a swelling of the hydrogels. It was found that a concentration of 10(-6) M Pb2+ can be detected using this technology. Other cations, such as Na+, have no effect on the deflection of this cantilever. The cation K+, which also complexes with benzo-18-crown-6, could interfere with Pb2+ detection, but only at high concentrations (> 10(-4) M). 相似文献
32.
Hongwei Hao Minsheng Wu Yifang Chen Jiaowen Tang Qingyu Wu 《Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces》2004,33(3-4):151-156
To prevent cyanobacterial bloom in eutrophic water by ultrasonic method, ultrasonic irradiations with different parameters were tested to inhibit Spirulina platensis from growth. The experimental result based on cyanobacterial growth, chlorophyll a and photosynthetic activity showed that, the ultrasonic irradiation inhibited cyanobacterial proliferation effectively, furthermore the inhibition effectiveness increased in the order: 200 kHz>1.7 MHz>20 kHz and became saturated with the increased power. The inhibition mechanism can be mainly attributed to the mechanical damage to the cell structures caused by ultrasonic cavitation, which was confirmed by light microscopy and differential interference microscopy. The optimal frequency of 200 kHz in cavition and sonochemistry was also most effective in cyanobacterial growth inhibition. The higher frequency of 1.7 MHz is weaker than 20 kHz in cavitation, but has more effective inhibition because it is nearer to the resonance frequency of gas vesicle. The inhibition saturation with ultrasonic power was due to the ultrasonic attenuation induced by the acoustic shielding of bubbles enclosing the radiate surface of transducer. 相似文献
33.
Raymond Mackay Jie Zhang Qi Wu Yuzhuo Li 《Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engineering aspects》2004,250(1-3):343-348
The longitudinal relaxation times (T1) of water in concentrated silica and alumina slurries were measured as a function of solids content. It was shown that the results could be fit very well with a two-phase fast-exchange model between free and surface-bound water. As expected, values of T1 for bound water were in the order of 20–2000 times lower than that for free water, indicating a higher effective viscosity of the surface-bound water. The strength of the interaction depended on the particular surface, and all of the aluminas examined interacted more strongly with water than the two silicas studied, which themselves differed considerably. The chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) removal rate of tantalum by silica slurries was shown to be directly correlated with the interaction parameters, derived from the NMR relation times rather than with total surface hydroxyl group concentration. 相似文献
34.
以乙酸四氢呋喃甲酯为原料,通过自由基氯化反应,合成双脱氧核苷类抗艾滋病药物的重要中间体化合物5—0—乙酰基—2.3—双脱氧—D.L—吹喃戊糖基氯.对于此种不稳定的中间体化合物,用~1HNMR跟踪监测反应物的方法,研究了改变反应时间、反应温度和反应物摩尔比对反应产物的影响,获得了最佳的反应条件,使其收率从10%提高到50%左右. 相似文献
35.
36.
本文利用 X 射线衍射分析、透射电镜等技术,研究了几种热处理制度下 Cu—27.84 Al—3.82 Ni(at%)合金中析出相;用会聚束(CBED)技术测定了析出相与马氏体的取向关系。结果表明:分级处理试样中析出相 r_2是复杂立方结构,晶格参数 a=0.87nm;大量弥散的折出相引起共格应变场,从而使分极处理试样 X 射线衍射峰型宽化;r_2与2H 马氏体的取向关系为;[00]2H‖[001]_r_2,(10)_(2H)‖(300)_r_2。 相似文献
37.
Double-diffusive convection due to a cylindrical source submerged in a salt-stratified solution is numerically investigated
in this study. For proper simulation of the vortex generated around the cylinder, a computational domain with irregular shape
is employed. Flow conditions depend strongly on the thermal Rayleigh number, Ra
T
, and the buoyancy ratio, R
ρ. There are two types of onset of instability existing in the flow field. Both types are due to either the interaction of
the upward temperature gradient and downward salinity gradient or the interaction of the lateral temperature gradient and
downward salinity gradient. The onset of layer instability due to plume convection is due to the former, whereas, the onset
of layer instability of layers around the cylinder is due to the latter. Both types can be found in the flow field. The transport
mechanism of layers at the top of the basic plume belongs to former while that due to basic plume and layer around the cylinder
are the latter. The increase in Ra
T
reinforces the plume convection and reduces the layer numbers generated around the cylinder for the same buoyancy ratio.
For the same Ra
T
, the increase of R
ρ suppresses the plume convection but reinforces the layers generated around the cylinder. The profiles of local Nusselt number
reflects the heat transfer characteristics of plume convection and layered structure. The profiles of averaged Nusselt number
are between the pure conduction and natural convection modes and the variation is due to the evolution of layers.
Received on 13 September 1996 相似文献
38.
文[1]曾报道将蓖麻油提取物精制品制成乳剂和多相脂质体,进行动物体内外抗癌活性实验,结果表明该提取物具有较强的抗癌活性,但其抗癌活性成分的组成和含量尚不清楚.本实验就蓖麻油提取物的组成和含量进行气相色谱分析. 相似文献
39.
本文在调查研究的基础上,指出了山东省载货汽车运力发展中存在的问题,提出了相应的运力结构调整对策。这对省府有关部门制定交通政策具有参考价值。 相似文献
40.
过渡金属乙酰丙酮配合物引发淀粉与烯基单体接枝共聚 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
研究了Mn(Ⅲ)、Co(Ⅲ)、Cr(Ⅲ)和V(Ⅳ)的乙酰丙酮配合物引发淀粉与MMA、AN、AM和AA接枝共聚合反应的引发活性。实验表明,4种引发体系中,Mn(acac)3的引发活性最佳,它可以有效地引发淀粉与上述4种单体的接枝共聚合反应,并获得较高的PG;Co(acac)3和Cr(acac)3仅对水溶性烯基单体AM、AA有良好的引发活性;Vo(acac)2对4种单体的引发活性均较低。4种单体中,水 相似文献