QuickBird多光谱图像像元分解

以QuickBird卫星记录的DN值图像为实验数据,根据1～4波段积分辐亮度之和与全色波段积分辐亮度之间的比例关系及能量守恒律构建分解方程,将1～4波段图像每个像元分解成16(4×4)个像元,获得了分辨率为0.61 m的1～4波段辐亮度图像.与原图像比较,空间分辨率提高到4倍,地物细部特征清晰,视觉效果明显提高,图像成图适宜比例尺从1:10 000提高到1:2 500.     

杂交稻种宜香725纯度的可见-近红外反射光谱鉴定

提出了一种基于可见-近红外光谱技术快速、无损鉴定杂交稻种纯度的新方法.以FieldSpec(R)3地物光谱仪采集纯度在90%～99%范围内的杂交稻种(宜香725)光谱数据90份,随机分成校正集(75份)和检验集(15份).根据其在380～2 400 nm的反射光谱,以偏最小二乘算法(PLS)建立了回归模型,并比较了不同光谱预处理方法对模型的影响.分析表明采用一阶导数结合标准归一化处理能最有效地提取光谱信息,此时PLS模型校正集决定系数与检验集决定系数分别为0.988 4与0.922 7,校正标准误差(SEC)与预测标准误差(SEP)分别为0.002 5与0.006 6.将经一阶导数结合标准归一化处理后的光谱进行PCA降维,以前20个主成份(含原始光谱86.09%的特征信息)为输入变量,建立杂交稻种纯度鉴定的BP-ANN模型.分析表明BP-ANN模型校正集决定系数与检验集决定系数分别为0.995 2与0.936 9,SEC与SEP分别为0.001 7与0.006 1,具有比PLS模型更高的精度.结果表明以可见-近红外技术进行杂交稻种纯度的快速、无损鉴定是可行的,且PCA结合BP-ANN是一种优选方法.     

联用技术应用于生物分子中金属和类金属的形态分析

本文依据最近有关联用技术应用于生物样品中痕量金属和类金属形态分析的报道,扼要介绍高效液相色谱（HPLC）和毛细管电泳（CE）与电感耦合等离子质谱（ICP－MS）和电喷雾离子化质谱（ESI－MS）联用技术在砷、硒和镉等元素的形态分析中的应用。体积排阻色谱（SEC）与ICP－MS在线联用最常用的初步筛选未知试样中大分子化合物的方法。但由于SEC的分辨率差,需要应用另一种色谱法,如离子交换色谱法（IEC）或反相色谱法（RP－HPLC）分离以保证分离信号的纯度。在无标准可利用的情况下,电喷雾串联质谱（ES－MS／MS）是用以表征化合物的最佳手段。毛细管区带电泳（CZE）与ICP－MS联用是形态分析的有用工具。分析中需要注意的问题是避免沾污和防止在分离过程中蛋白质的分解。目前,由于缺少标准和参考物质,联用技术主要应用于寻找新的金属物 种,而并非测定已知化合物。需要解决的难题是检测的信号是否属于某一特定的化合物以及该化合物的表征。     

西部大开发新背景下林业建设的主体地位

西部大开发面临着新的国际国内社会经济背景。全球化趋势加快,世界经济进入新一轮调整时期,这既是机遇也是挑战。国内的市场经济体制,买方市场的出现,深层次的体制改革,使开发难度加大;同时,二十年的经济成就,东部改革的经验,以及高起点的后发优势,又提供了前所未有的条件,在这样的背景下,林业建设是西部大开发的根本所在理论上,山川秀美与经济繁荣互相促进,也互相制约;政策上,对林业建设重视有加;从现实条件出发,西部地区也适宜进行林业建设,而我国历史发展经验也证明必须将林业建设与经济建设同步进行。     

Process of Waste Sludge Facultative Metabolism

Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to determine new technology of waste sludge facultative metabolism . 10-L laboratory-scale facultative reactors were operated during 24-hour sludge residence time (SRT) and in room temperature . Results show that the organic matter in waste sludge after hydrolysis-acidification will be reduced by 75.39%, the removal rate of CODcr above 85% . Advantage of the process is hydrolysis-acidification in ambient air temperature as there is no need for facilities to be sealed or heated. In addition, the sludge will be recycled into the wastewater treatment system and finally towards zero-discharge.     

INVESTIGATION ON PRODUCTION OF REFINED BRINE USED IN CHLORO-ALKALI MEMBRANE BY CHELATING RESIN D412

1. INTRODUCTION Alkali production by ionic membrane is a new technology. Refining used-brine by chelating resin was reported [1~8]. Zhang et al reported the study of using chalating resin D411 to refine used-brine from alkali production by ionic membrane. Restricted by equipment and technology, in cholro-alkali plant the brine alkalinity is very high (pH>11), so conventional method cannot make the concentration of iron ions in used-brine to meet standard. So far there is no report on th…     

The change of characteristics of tidal wave in the Changjiang River mouth area since the post-glacial transgression maximum

During the period of the post-glacial transgression maximum (PGTM), there was a huge trumpet estuary in the modern Changjiang River Delta area. The location and the shape of the Paleo-Changjiang River Estuary (PCRE) were much different from those of the present Chang-Jiang River Estuary. The study on the change of characteristics of tidal wave in the Changjiang River mouth area since the PGTM can help to understand better the dynamic development of the Changjiang River Delta. The course curves of tidal level and tidal current velocity during a single tidal cycle for 35 points are calculated, and characteristics of tidal waves in the PCRE and its adjacent area are compared with those of tidal waves in the modern Changjiang River mouth area. The results show that the tidal waves within the PCRE and in its adjacent area during the period of the PGTM belonged to standing wave or a mixture of standing wave and progressive wave. Since then, the tidal wave in the Changjiang River mouth become gradually to be pr     

Magnetic normalization of particle size effects in a heavy metal pollution study of intertidal sediments from the Yangzte Estuary

Magnetic, granulometric and geochemical analyses were conducted on an intertidal sediment core from the Yangtze Estuary to evaluate the possibility of normalizing samples for particle size effects in a heavy metal pollution study by means of magnetic proxies. It has been found that the magnetic parameter XARM, indicating fine grained ferrimagnetic minerals, correlates well with the clay content and organic matter concentration of the sediments. XARM also shows significant relationship with heavy metals. Therefore XARM is proposed as a proxy for clay content in the sediments, and can be used to compensate for the particle size effect in sedimentary heavy metal records, where magnetic minerals are not subject to significant post-depositional alteration.     

水生生物中化学踪迹的水动力学问题

化学踪迹调控着水生生物的许多关键生命过程,如摄食、繁殖和海底沉淀等.随着流体流速和流态的不同,水生生物所释放的化学物质在被生物体接收之前会经历扩散、层流或湍流对流等输运过程.综述了各种流态中的输运机制及生态效应.从浓度梯度、浓度涨落和空间分布模式的角度讨论了化学踪迹的结构,从中总结出水生动物获取信息的策略.在一些情况下,化学物质的输运是通过多种机制联合作用而实现的,需要引入多尺度分析,而流态和尺度问题则是最近研究中显现出的主要议题.尤其是,组合了生物变量和物理变量的无量纲参数揭示了生物体对化学踪迹反应的一般原则,也促进了对水生生物行为模态的区分和定义.     

缓倾斜采空区处理的理论与实践

坚硬顶板下特大型采空场的处理是中国普遍存在的、特有的一类采矿技术难题.国内外已有的采空区处理方法中能解决冲击地压问题的,应用成本昂贵.为了经济有效地处理全面采矿法等空场法遗留的大量采空区及矿体残采,在国内外采空区处理与利用方法的基础上,提出了切槽放顶法和切顶与矿柱崩落法,并应用数值模拟、相似模拟和岩体声发射技术研究了各新方法的基本参数的设计方法和实施效果的分析、评价方法,形成了针对缓倾斜采空区处理的从理论分析、方案设计、现场实施到效果观测的一整套可供推广借鉴的理论、实施和评价体系.实践表明,提出的理论、实施和评价体系是技术可行、经济合理、简便适用的,具有重大的社会意义和重要的经济价值.