Influence of pH value on microstructure and thermal stability of Ni-P electroless coating prepared in acidic condition

Three kinds of Ni-P electroless coatings were prepared in nickel sulphate solution at different pH values of 4.5,5.5 and 6.5 with the purpose of ascertaining the influence of pH value on microstructure,internal stress statue and thermal stability of the coatings.Laser curvature(LC) method was used to measure the residual stress level in the coatings.Scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) and transmission electronic microscopy with energy dispersive spectrum(TEM/EDS) were used to examine the surface morpholo...     

Rapid and efficient synthesis of new chiral aromatic amide molecular tweezers under solvent-free conditions using microwave

An efficient and simple method for the synthesis of new chiral aromatic amide molecular tweezers by irradiation with microwave under solvent-free conditions has been developed.Its main advantages are short reaction times.good conversions and the environmentally friendly nature of the process.     

Design,synthesis and biological activity of some novel benzimidazole derivatives against Coxsackie virus B_3

A series of novel benzimidazole derivatives was synthesized and their anti-Coxsackie virus B_3(CVB_3) activity was evaluated in VERO cells.Compounds 9 and 10 exhibited better inhibitory activity than those of ribavirin(RBV) with IC_(50) values of 5.30 and 1.06μg/mL,respectively.     

Photolysis of organic pollutants in wastewater with 206 nm UV irradiation

A new-type UV light source(206 nm) was explored for the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater for the first time.The degradation performances of triphenyltin chloride(TPTCl),dimethyl phthalate(DMP),as well as rhodamine B(RhB) were investigated.The results indicated that removal efficiency of 50 mg/L RhB,60 mg/L DMP and 120 mg/L TPTCl can reach 88.6%, 92.5%and 89.4%for 60 min,50 min and 75 min,respectively.By comparison of removal efficiency,we found 206 nm is superior to 253.7 nm UV in wastewat...     

pH值对猪粪废水微生物燃料电池产电性能的影响

构建了以布阴极组为空气阴极的单室微生物燃料电池,并将其应用于猪粪废水的处理与产电.重点考察了阳极液pH值对猪粪废水处理和产电性能的影响.结果表明,阳极液pH=10时MFC的产电和废水处理性能最佳,输出功率密度达到2.10W/m3,与阳极液pH=6和pH=8时的电池相比,输出功率分别提高约2.7倍和1.9倍.同时,阳极液pH=10时,COD去除率和氨氮去除率也分别达到86.7%和92.8%,比阳极液pH=6和pH=8时MFC的COD去除率提高了约13.8%和6.7%;氨氮去除率提高了约5.3%和3.5%.本研究表明,调控阳极液pH值能够有效强化猪粪废水处理和产电,为猪粪废水资源化处理提供了一条新途径.     

含烃废水中硫化物生物氧化的影响因素

采用填充聚氨酯(FPUFS)载体的上流式生物氧化反应器处理含烃废水中的硫化物,考察了曝气量、水力停留时间(HRT)、进水硫化物浓度、pH值和进水石油烃浓度对硫化物生物氧化的影响。结果表明,在曝气量为300mL/min,HRT为90min,进水硫化物浓度<300mg/L,pH值为6.1～7.8的条件下,硫化物去除率在80%以上。在试验考察的石油烃浓度范围内,反应器对总有机碳(TOC)没有明显的去除效果,石油烃对硫化物去除率的影响不超过5%,但硫酸根转化率随石油烃浓度的增加显著下降。     

Hygroscopic growth of aerosol scattering coefficient:A comparative analysis between urban and suburban sites at winter in Beijing

A humidity controlled inlet system was developed to measure the hygroscopic growth of aerosol scattering coefficient in conjunction with nephelometry at an urban site of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS) in Beijing and a rural site at Shangdianzi Regional Background Air Pollution Monitoring Station (SDZ) outside Beijing during winter, from December 2005 to January 2006. Measurements were carried out at a wavelength of 525 nm with an Ecotech M9003 nephelometer. The hygroscopic growth function (or factor) of the aerosol scattering coefficientf(RH) increased continuously with increasing relative humidity (RH) and showed no obvious "step-like" deliquescent behavior at both sites during the experiment. The average growth factorf(RH) at the SDZ site could reach 1.5 when RH increased from less than 40% to 92%, and to 2.1 at the CAMS site when RH increased from less than 40% to 93%. The average hygroscopic growth factor at a relative humidity of 80%, f(RH=80±1%), was found to be about 1.26±0.15 at CAMS and 1.24±0.11 at SDZ. Further analysis indicated that under relatively polluted conditions, the average hygroscopic growth factor was higher at the CAMS site than that at the SDZ site. However, under relatively clean air conditions, the difference between the two sites was small, showing a hygroscopic growth behavior similar to those of burning biomass or blowing dust. These results reflected the different characteristics of aerosol types at the two sites.     

厌氧接触发酵制氢反应器的启动和运行特性

以稀释糖蜜为底料,探讨了厌氧接触反应设备用于连续流发酵制氢的可行性,考查了其启动运行特性.以污水好氧生物处理系统的剩余污泥为种泥,反应器在污泥接种量9.3 g(MLVSS)/L、进水COD 5 000 mg/L、HRT 8 h和系统温度(35±1)℃等条件下启动,30 d后达到稳定运行状态,乙醇和乙酸之和的质量百分数,占液相末端发酵产物总量的69.8%,呈现典型的乙醇型发酵特征.在稳定运行阶段,系统的pH值、碱度、氧化还原电位分别维持在4.8,460 mg/L,-305 mV左右,平均产气速率和产氢速率分别达到33.2和13.4 L/d.厌氧接触发酵制氢反应设备,呈现出良好的产氢性能和运行稳定性.     

羽毛状沙丘辨析

近年来,随着库姆塔格沙漠研究的深入,中国学者对羽毛状沙丘的争论愈来愈多。本文综合分析了国内外沙丘分类学中关于羽毛状沙丘的论述,确认羽毛状沙丘是复合线形沙垄的变型,其中沙垄主脊构成"羽柄",而叠加其上的次级沙丘脊歧出主沙丘脊,构成"羽毛"。对比分析世界其他沙漠与中国库姆塔格沙漠所谓羽毛状沙丘的形态学特征发现,库姆塔格沙漠所谓的羽毛状沙丘实际上是典型的赛夫沙丘,不应视为羽毛状沙丘。以往根据遥感影像确定的羽毛状沙丘的"羽毛"部分是由地表沉积物反照率对比形成的羽毛状图案,与垄间地的沙埂没有很好的对应关系。羽毛状沙丘是在比较复杂的风况和沙源供应不够充分的条件下形成的。因此本文认为以往关于库姆塔格沙漠羽毛状沙丘的不确切认识概念应予以纠正。     

一种产氢产乙酸菌互营共培养体的筛选及其群落结构解析

厌氧消化系统中的产氢产乙酸菌在营养生态位上位于产酸发酵菌群和产甲烷菌群之间,在功能上起着承上启下的重要作用.该菌群具有与耗氢菌互营共生的特性,其分离纯化非常困难.为了深入了解其生理生态特性,为开发高效的厌氧生物处理技术提供理论基础,采用丙酸和丁酸混合培养基,以具有甲烷发酵功能的厌氧活性污泥为出发菌群,进行了产氢产乙酸菌互营共培养体的选育,并借助于PCR-DGGE技术对其菌群结构进行了解析.经过选择培养基的不断传代培养,最终筛选到2个产氢产乙酸互营共培养体7-m-2a和11-O-1.这2个共培养体不仅对丙酸和丁酸具有很强的降解和产乙酸能力,而且不产甲烷和硫化氢.在这种非产甲烷菌和非硫酸盐还原菌与产氢产乙酸菌组成的互营共培养体中.含有专性的互营产乙酸菌Desulfotomaculum sp.Iso-W2及其伴生菌,其中的伴生菌是能利用甲酸盐和H2/CO2的Uncultured bacterium 054E12_B_DI_P58和Sedimentibacter sp.JN18_A14_H.对这一新的产氢产乙酸菌互营共培养体的发现和选育成功,为更全面地研究产氢产乙酸菌的生理生态特性提供了样本.