The adaptive immersed interface finite element method for elliptic and Maxwell interface problems

We propose self-adaptive finite element methods with error control for solving elliptic and electromagnetic problems with discontinuous coefficients. The meshes in the methods do not need to fit the interfaces. New error indicators are introduced to control the error due to non-body-fitted meshes. Flexible h-adaptive strategies are developed, which can be systematically extended to a large class of interface problems. Extensive numerical experiments are performed to support the theoretical results and to show the competitive behavior of the adaptive algorithm even for interfaces involving corner or tip singularities.     

Determination of trace Cd and Pb in environmental and biological samples by ETV-ICP-MS after single-drop microextraction

A method based on single-drop microextraction (SDME) combined with electrothermal vaporization (ETV)-ICP-MS was proposed for the determination of trace Cd and Pb. 8-Hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) was employed as extractant dissolved in several microliters of chloroform and then an organic microdrop was formed at the tip of the microsyringe needle to extract the interest analytes. The vaporization behavior of the metal-8-HQ chelates in graphite furnace was investigated, and the ETV temperature program was optimized. The factors that influenced the extraction efficiency of target analytes (including pH value, flow rate of sample, extraction time and organic microdrop volume) were studied. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limits of the Cd and Pb were 4.6 and 2.9 pg mL⁻¹ with the enrichment factor of 140-fold for Cd and 190-fold for Pb, respectively. The proposed method was applied successfully to the determination of trace Cd and Pb in environmental and biological samples. In order to validate the developed method, a certified reference material of GBW 08501 peach leaves was analyzed and the determined values obtained were in a good agreement with the certified values.     

消色差谐衍射微透镜列阵的应用研究

本文研究菲涅耳谐衍射透镜的特性和工作条件,分析二元谐衍射透镜的衍射效率及制作要求,设计并研制了用于萨克-哈特曼波前传感器的双波长共焦谐衍射微透镜列阵,得到了良好的应用效果.     

我国大学城建设的模式分析及其完善

我国大学城在20世纪90年代迅速兴起,大学城的建设因基础条件不同而形成了不同的建设模式。基于对大学城建设模式的研究与比较分析可知,大学城在开发建设和管理过程中存在建设盲目性、投资主体较窄、监控不到位、规划不合理、定位不清晰等,对此应加强大学城建设的规划,回归本真及加强产学研合作等。     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel 3-D Porous Lanthanum Sulfate

A new lanthanum compound with three-dimensional channels, La₂(H₂O)(SO₄)₃ has been synthesized hydrothermally by using 1,2-dizminiopnopane as a structure-directing agent (SDA). The colorless block crystals were characterized by IR, TGA, ICP and XRD. The structure was determined by single-crystal diffraction. The title compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic, P2₁2₁2₁(No. 19) with cell parameters, a = 17.095(3) ?, b = 17.331(3) ?, c = 6.8633(12) ?, V = 1659.0(8) ?³, Z = 4, R = 0.0545, wR = 0.1246. The open framework of title compound is built up by LaO₁₀, LaO₉ polyhedra and SO₄ tetrahedra, connected to form interesting eight-membered ring channels along crystallographic a axis.     

Dielectrophoretic manipulation of nanomaterials: A review

Nanomaterials manipulation using dielectrophoresis (DEP) is one of the major research areas that could potentially benefit the micro/nano science for diverse applications, such as microfluidics, nanomachine, and biosensor. The innovation and development of basic theories, methods or applications will have a huge impact on the entire related field. Specifically, for DEP manipulation of nanomaterials, improvements in comprehensive performance of accuracy, flexibility and scale could promote broader applications in micro/nano science. Therefore, to explore the directions for future research, this paper critically provides an overview on the fundamentals, recent progress, current challenges, and potential applications of DEP manipulation of nanomaterials. This review will also act as a guide and reference for researchers to explore promising applications in relevant research.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Altaicadispirolactone

Altaicadispirolactone was synthesized via a simple route. In this route, levulinic acid was used as a starting material, and bromination followed by hydrolysis and BF₃ · OEt₂‐catalyzed cyclization were carried out. A single‐crystal ORTEP drawing has been created and more detailed crystallographic data of the compound has been obtained from X‐ray analysis.     

A parallel finite element simulator for ion transport through three‐dimensional ion channel systems

A parallel finite element simulator, ichannel, is developed for ion transport through three‐dimensional ion channel systems that consist of protein and membrane. The coordinates of heavy atoms of the protein are taken from the Protein Data Bank and the membrane is represented as a slab. The simulator contains two components: a parallel adaptive finite element solver for a set of Poisson–Nernst–Planck (PNP) equations that describe the electrodiffusion process of ion transport, and a mesh generation tool chain for ion channel systems, which is an essential component for the finite element computations. The finite element method has advantages in modeling irregular geometries and complex boundary conditions. We have built a tool chain to get the surface and volume mesh for ion channel systems, which consists of a set of mesh generation tools. The adaptive finite element solver in our simulator is implemented using the parallel adaptive finite element package Parallel Hierarchical Grid (PHG) developed by one of the authors, which provides the capability of doing large scale parallel computations with high parallel efficiency and the flexibility of choosing high order elements to achieve high order accuracy. The simulator is applied to a real transmembrane protein, the gramicidin A (gA) channel protein, to calculate the electrostatic potential, ion concentrations and I – V curve, with which both primitive and transformed PNP equations are studied and their numerical performances are compared. To further validate the method, we also apply the simulator to two other ion channel systems, the voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC) and α‐Hemolysin (α‐HL). The simulation results agree well with Brownian dynamics (BD) simulation results and experimental results. Moreover, because ionic finite size effects can be included in PNP model now, we also perform simulations using a size‐modified PNP (SMPNP) model on VDAC and α‐HL. It is shown that the size effects in SMPNP can effectively lead to reduced current in the channel, and the results are closer to BD simulation results. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

钇铁石榴石振荡器的S波段频率综合器的设计

针对现代雷达系统以及一些精密测量仪器所需要的超宽带、微小步进、低相位噪声本振源的问题,提出了一种采用钇铁石榴石振荡器为主的锁相环内插直接数字频率合成器方案.实现了S波段2～4 GHz频率范围内微小步进频率源的研究与设计.实验表明：采用钇铁石榴石振荡器频率综合器的相位噪声与动态范围都优于采用一般压控振荡器的频率综合器.