石墨烯复合材料在警车防弹防护方面的研究

研究警车高性能防弹防护材料应用技术,尝试采用石墨烯改性的方式对陶瓷及铝合金的强度、韧性性能进行了改性提升,利用石墨烯改性材料制备了复合防弹板,并进行了实弹射击试验,研究了防弹警车应用可行性.试验结果表明,石墨烯改性可以有效提高陶瓷的断裂韧度,以及铝合金的强度及弹性模量.经53式7.62 mm穿甲弹三次射击,靶板无穿透,用石墨烯改性陶瓷制备的防弹装甲板,可有效降低材料密度,大幅度提高防弹性能,对车辆防弹性能及轻量化技术研究具有一定的参考价值.     

pH对毛细管电泳分离多肽的影响

设计了一个针对高年级本科生的毛细管电泳分离实验，用以研究pH对生物小分子多肽分离的影响。5种多肽包括Bradykinin、[Hyp3]-bradykinin、Angiotensin I、Leucine Enkephalin和[Met5]-Enkaphalin，被用于毛细管电泳的分离实验。研究了毛细管电泳生物分析实验中最重要的2个因素即电渗流和样品吸附随pH的变化以及对于分离的影响。在pH=10的条件下，酸性多肽几乎没有吸附，少量的碱性多肽有吸附。在pH=6的条件下，碱性多肽具有非常强的吸附从而导致非常差的分离效果，在pH=2.3的条件下，5种多肽都能被很好地分离，由于多肽此时都带有正电荷因此几乎没有吸附。而在此pH，电渗流消失。对具有一定分析化学基础理论知识的学生而言，这是一个非常好的生物分析实验，有助于学生充分理解相关环境因素对仪器分析的重要影响。     

雷锋精神与现代社会价值共构

雷锋精神是一个真善美的价值实践表达，雷锋精神永不过时。雷锋精神是时代气质的集中反映和高度体现，是实现中国梦的价值支撑和精神基石。雷锋是中国的，雷锋精神将会是走向世界的普世价值。弘扬雷锋精神对现时代的道德伦理价值取向、政治价值认同、文化精神皈依、市场化背景下的社会价值引导具有重要意义。雷锋精神的本质是为民，表征着我党的政治本色，“敢不敢扶起”跌倒的老人成为敢不敢扶起社会正义与良心的价值隐喻。     

Rational design of thermoelastic damping in microresonators with phase-lagging heat conduction law

The design of thermoelastic damping (TED) affected by the phase-lagging non-Fourier heat conduction effects becomes significant but challenging for enlarging the quality factor of widely-used microresonators operating in extreme situations, including ultra-high excitation frequency and ultra-low working temperature. However, there does not exist a rational method for designing the TED in the framework of non-Fourier heat conduction law. This work, therefore, proposes a design framework to achieve low thermoelastic dissipation of microresonators governed by the phase-lagging heat conduction law. The equation of motion and the heat conduction equation for phase-lagging TED microresonators are derived first, and then the non-Fourier TED design problem is proposed. A topology optimization-based rational design method is used to resolve the design problem. What is more, a two-dimensional (2D) plain-strain-based finite element method (FEM) is developed as a solver for the topology optimization process. Based on the suggested rational design technique, numerical instances with various phase lags are investigated. The results show that the proposed design method can remarkably reduce the dissipation of microresonators by tailoring their substructures.     

多缓冲机制下ADPCM解码算法适应性研究

文章对不同缓冲机制下ADPCM解码算法的运行条件进行了分析与对比,利用最小二乘法,提出关于ADPCM解码函数输入数据量与函数输入缓冲区长度的条件关系式,量化了不同缓冲机制对算法适应性的影响;针对实验环境的特点,改进了IMA ADPCM解码算法.研究结果表明,采用多缓冲机制能显著提高ADPCM算法的适应性;改进后的解码算法效率较原算法提高约75%.     

Studies of Interfacial Activities of Four Kinds of Surfactants at Oil/Water Interface

This article aims to compare the interfacial activities of different kinds of surfactants in the same oil/water system. The anionic surfactants of alkylbenzene sulfonates, the polyoxyethylenated nonionic surfactants, the cationic surfactants of alkyl trimethyl ammonium chlorides, and the zwitterionic surfactants of alkyl hydroxyl sulfobetaines were used, and the interfacial tensions of the surfactant solutions against kerosene at different NaCl concentrations were measured. It is found that the interfacial activities of the alkylbenzene sulfonates are high and ultralow interfacial tensions (<0.01 mN/m) can be obtained at proper salinities. While, the nonionic surfactants have relatively low interfacial activities and the minimum tensions are around 0.01 mN/ms. The salinity scanning curves of the alkylbenzene sulfonates and nonionic surfactants decrease first, then increase, showing their interfacial activities can be changed by the salinity effectively. The cationic and zwitterionic surfactants have very low interfacial activities, of which all the tensions are higher than 0.1 mN/ms and are hard to be changed by the salinity. The experimental results may have important reference values for enhanced oil recovery.     

电喷雾电离源测定印刷线路板阵列离子阱的分析性能

电喷雾电离源(ESI)测定了印刷线路板材料制成的四通道PCB矩形离子阱中一个通道的的分析性能。结果表明,质谱峰检测到的离子信号的种类和强度明显受到离子动能的影响。当离子动能低于18 eV,则得到的质谱峰主要为精氨酸Arg离子(m/z 175.2),增加其离子动能则Arg离子(m/z 175.2)易碎裂,发生脱胍基、脱水等反应。在正弦波的射频模式下测定了离子质量隔离和离子质量选择激发,以SWIFT缺口频率为50～60 kHz,75～85 kHz和130～145 kHz分别隔离了m/z 175.2,117.3和71.8的离子;用频率为55、80和135 kHz的正弦波(振幅为1.0 V)选择激发弹出了m/z 175.2,117.3和71.8的离子。在氦气气氛下,频率为102 kHz正弦波可以使得Arg离子(m/z 175.2)发生碎裂,得到m/z 157.2,130.3和117.3碎片离子。电流积分法的测定结果表明,在256 kHz共振激发时离子测定效率为46.3%,在边界弹出时,离子测定效率约为9.7%。     

四种α-取代丙酸酯在环糊精气相色谱固定相上的手性拆分机理

计算了4种α-取代丙酸酯衍生物在β-环糊精衍生物气相色谱固定相上手性分离过程中的热力学参数,对手性拆分机理进行了探讨。实验结果显示随着温度的升高,样品的容量因子、手性选择因子和分离度都在逐渐降低。热力学参数表明,4种α-取代丙酸酯在固定相上的色谱保留及手性识别都为焓驱动过程,氢键力没有在手性识别中起到决定作用,而样品的母体结构和取代基团的性质则对手性识别有较大的影响。样品在固定相上的手性分离效率的驱动力主要来自于其对映异构体与固定相之间作用力的能量差异。     

一种新型黄色荧光类水滑石材料的制备及表征

用适量的Zn(Ⅱ)取代镁铝水滑石中的Mg(Ⅱ),同时将一定量的2-对联苯基-8-羟基喹啉分散到类水滑石层间的亲油性阴离子中,使其与层板表面上的Zn(Ⅱ)配位,用一步法合成、组装得到一类新型黄色荧光类水滑石复合物(Zn-(HQ-4-biPh)-HTlc)。采用荧光光谱、红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和热分析等对其进行了表征。研究结果表明,Zn-(HQ-4-biPh)-HTlc在蓝光(481 nm)激发下可发出黄色荧光(554 nm),与其相应的含锌配合物(Zn[2-(p-biph)-8-Q-O]2)相比,不仅可节省配体用量,而且具有更高的发光强度和更好的热稳定性,有望在白光LED等光电领域得到应用。     

Studies of Synergism in Binary Alkylbenzene Sulfonate Mixtures for Producing Low Interfacial Tensions at Oil/Water Interface

In order to study the synergism between alkybenzene sulfonate and alkybenzene sulfonate, five di-n-alkylbenzene sulfonates were used and the interfacial tensions of single sulfonates and their binary mixtures against a series of alkane homologues were measured. The effects of hydrophilic-lipophilic abilities of sulfonates and mixing ratio on synergism were discussed. It is revealed that the synergistic mechanism derives from the amelioration of the hydrophilic-lipophilic ability of the surfactant system, and the method to achieve synergism is adding the hydrophilic alkybenzene sulfonate to the lipophilic alkylbenzene sulfonate, and ultralow interfacial tensions can be obtained in proper mixing ratios. The results are useful for enhanced oil recovery.