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111.
112.
For the ultrafast photoinduced ring opening of cyclohexadiene the S1 state plays a central role, providing the possibility to rapidly decay to the ground state. In this paper we follow the path
of a wavepacket propagating in the reactive coordinate space of the S1 surface. We present a detailed analysis of the corresponding electronic and nuclear motions. With the help of a projection
method and a normal-mode analysis, the vibrational modes driving the reaction might be detected experimentally.
Received: 10 November 1999 / Published online: 13 July 2000 相似文献
113.
Minghui Zhu Pengfei Tian Ravi Kurtz Thomas Lunkenbein Jing Xu Robert Schlgl Israel E. Wachs Yi‐Fan Han 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(27):9181-9185
The commercial high‐temperature water‐gas shift (HT‐WGS) catalyst consists of CuO‐Cr2O3‐Fe2O3, where Cu functions as a chemical promoter to increase the catalytic activity, but its promotion mechanism is poorly understood. In this work, a series of iron‐based model catalysts were investigated with in situ or pseudo in situ characterization, steady‐state WGS reaction, and density function theory (DFT) calculations. For the first time, a strong metal‐support interaction (SMSI) between Cu and FeOx was directly observed. During the WGS reaction, a thin FeOx overlayer migrates onto the metallic Cu particles, creating a hybrid surface structure with Cu‐FeOx interfaces. The synergistic interaction between Cu and FeOx not only stabilizes the Cu clusters, but also provides new catalytic active sites that facilitate CO adsorption, H2O dissociation, and WGS reaction. These new fundamental insights can potentially guide the rational design of improved iron‐based HT‐WGS catalysts. 相似文献
114.
115.
Antoci V Handler G Campante TL Thygesen AO Moya A Kallinger T Stello D Grigahcène A Kjeldsen H Bedding TR Lüftinger T Christensen-Dalsgaard J Catanzaro G Frasca A De Cat P Uytterhoeven K Bruntt H Houdek G Kurtz DW Lenz P Kaiser A Van Cleve J Allen C Clarke BD 《Nature》2011,477(7366):570-573
Delta Scuti (δSct) stars are opacity-driven pulsators with masses of 1.5-2.5 M⊙, their pulsations resulting from the varying ionization of helium. In less massive stars such as the Sun, convection transports mass and energy through the outer 30 per cent of the star and excites a rich spectrum of resonant acoustic modes. Based on the solar example, with no firm theoretical basis, models predict that the convective envelope in δSct stars extends only about 1 per cent of the radius, but with sufficient energy to excite solar-like oscillations. This was not observed before the Kepler mission, so the presence of a convective envelope in the models has been questioned. Here we report the detection of solar-like oscillations in the δSct star HD187547, implying that surface convection operates efficiently in stars about twice as massive as the Sun, as the ad hoc models predicted. 相似文献
116.
Michael D. Kurtz 《Combustion Theory and Modelling》2013,17(4-5):532-551
Hot spots have been shown to be the autoignition centre in reactive mixtures. Linear temperature gradients and thermal stratification are used to characterise their behaviour. In this work, a model hot spot is considered by combining a linear temperature gradient with a constant temperature plateau. This approach retains the simplicity of a linear temperature gradient, but captures the effects of a local temperature maximum of finite size. A one-step Arrhenius reaction for H2–air is used to model the reactive mixture. Plateaus of three different initial sizes spanning two orders of magnitude are simulated. Each length corresponds to a different ratio of excitation time to acoustic time. It is shown that ratios less than unity react at nearly isochoric conditions while ratios greater than unity react at nearly isobaric conditions. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the gasdynamic response is characterised by the a priori prescribed hot spot acoustic timescale ratio. Based upon the prescribed timescale ratio, it is shown that the plateau can have either a substantial or negligible impact on the reaction of a surrounding temperature gradient. This is explored further as the slope of the temperature gradient is varied. Based upon the heating-to-acoustic timescale ratio, plateaus of a particular size are shown to facilitate detonation formation inside gradients that would otherwise not detonate. 相似文献
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118.
We present heat capacity measurements on crystalline Zn nanowires with diameters of 230 and 23 nm, bracketing the superconducting coherence length of 155 nm. Transport measurements on superconducting nanowires have found a crossover from three-dimensional to one-dimensional behavior as the wire diameter was reduced below the coherence length. In contrast, the normalized heat capacity peak of the 23 nm Zn nanowires is found to be nearly identical to that of 230 nm wires and bulk Zn, indicating their thermodynamic properties remain three dimensional. 相似文献
119.
We apply ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) to study the hydration structures of the carbon dioxide molecule and the bicarbonate and carbonate anions in liquid water. We also compute the free energy change associated with the nucleophilic attack of the hydroxide ion on carbon dioxide. CO2 behaves like a hydrophobic species and exhibits weak interactions with water molecules. The bicarbonate and carbonate ions are strongly hydrated and coordinate to an average of 6.9 and 8.7 water molecules, respectively. The energetics for the reaction in the gas phase are investigated using density functional theory and second-order M?ller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) in conjunction with high-quality basis sets. Using umbrella sampling techniques, we compute the standard state, aqueous phase free energy difference associated with the reaction CO2+OH--->HCO3- after correcting AIMD energies with MP2 results. Our predictions are in good agreement with experiments. The hydration structures along the reaction coordinate, which give rise to a predicted 9.7 kcal/mol standard state free energy barrier, are further analyzed. 相似文献
120.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献