注意义务概念及渊源探析

注意义务对于更好地实现侵权法填补损害、平衡利益的功能至关重要。注意义务是指行为人应采取合理的注意而避免给他人的人身或财产造成损害的义务。注意义务的理论化是经过长期的司法判例实践逐步形成和完善的,经历了一个从经验到理性的过程。注意义务渊于近邻性、可预见性、信赖、责任的自愿承担等方面。基于社会和时代发展的需要,不作为在特殊情况下也会产生注意义务。     

A retractable structure based on Bricard linkages and rotating rings of tetrahedra

Retractable structures which alter their geometries according to practical requirements are widely used in roof structures of stadiums for their versatility. A retractable structure based on threefold-symmetric Bricard linkages and rotating rings of tetrahedra is proposed and developed in this paper. By replacing each link of a threefold-symmetric Bricard linkage with a tetrahedron, a retractable structure is obtained which can repeatedly open and close by rotating the tetrahedra. The geometric relationship between the retractable structure and the threefold-symmetric Bricard linkage is derived and ranges of main geometric parameters are determined to ensure a continuous and smooth movement in the deployment of the structure. Then the relative displacement of the support and the open rate of the structure, two main parameters concerned in practical applications, are investigated. Preferred ranges of main geometric parameters are proposed and a physical model is manufactured to verify them. A discussion on some possible improvements and modifications of the structure is also presented.     

"优胜基准"与项目部的竞争力

论述了项目部开展团队学习的重要性,介绍了优胜基准的概念,探讨了开展“优胜基准”活动的具体程序及其阻力因素,提出了相应建议。     

Thermoelastoplastic deformation of a thick-walled cylinder with a radial crack

The thermoelastoplastic fracture mechanics problem of a thick-walled cylinder subjected to internal pressure and a nonuniform temperature field is solved by the method of elastic solutions combined with the finite-element method. The correctness of the solution is provided by using the Barenblatt crack model, in which the stress and strain fields are regular. The elastoplastic problem of a cracked cylinder subjected to internal pressure and a nonuniform temperature field are solved. The calculation results are compared with available data. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 173–183, May–June, 2008.