Additive preservers of non-zero decomposable tensors

Let T be an additive mapping from a tensor product of vector spaces over a field into itself. We describe T for the following two cases: (i) T is surjective and sends non-zero decomposable elements to non-zero decomposable elements, and (ii) T(A) is a non-zero decomposable element if and only if A is a non-zero decomposable element.     

NMR chemical shifts of129Xe dissolved in various oxygen and nitrogen substituted straight chain aliphatic compounds

Xenon-129 NMR spectra have been measured for dilute solutions of¹²⁹Xe dissolved in a series of n-alcohols and primary n-alkyl amines, as well as ethylene glycol and water. The chemical shifts recorded for¹²⁹Xe in the alcohols and amines are found to be linearly related to solvent composition expressed in terms of the individual methyl and methylene groups as well as the nitrogen and oxygen bearing functional groups making up these compounds. This behavior is consistent with a simple model which considers the van der Waals contribution to the chemical shift of¹²⁹Xe to result from pair interactions between a dissolved Xe atom and the individual methyl, methylene, and functional groups from which the solvent molecules are derived. The¹²⁹Xe chemical shifts caused by the ?CH₂?, ?NH₂, and ?OH groups are found to be quite similar in magnitude, each being approximately twice that of a ?CH₃ group.     

FCLT and MDP for Stochastic Lotka–Volterra Model

In this paper, we continue an asymptotic analysis of a stochastic version of the Lotka–Volterra model for predator–prey interactions. While the fluid approximation and large deviations were shown in Klebaner and Liptser (Ann. Appl. Probab. 11, 1263–1291, 2001) here we establish the diffusion approximation and moderate deviations.     

A visual study on elliptical jets in cross flow

Laser-induced fluorescence technique is used to study the near-field of an elliptical jet exiting normally into a cross flow, for elliptic jet having aspect ratio of 2 and 3. Results show that the non-uniform curvature of the elliptic geometry causes the leading-edge vortices at the interface between the jet and the cross flow to behave differently from that of a circular jet. In particular, when the major-axis is aligned with the cross flow there is an intense interaction between the leading-edge vortices which culminates in the pairing of adjacent vortices. The pairing is suppressed when the major axis is perpendicular to the cross flow.     

Improved performance of organic light-emitting devices with plasma treated ITO surface and plasma polymerized methyl methacrylate buffer layer

Transparent indium-tin-oxide (ITO) anode surface was modified using O₃ plasma and organic ultra-thin buffer layers were deposited on the ITO surface using 13.56 MHz rf plasma polymerization technique. A plasma polymerized methyl methacrylate (ppMMA) ultra-thin buffer layer was deposited between the ITO anode and hole transporting layer (HTL). The plasma polymerization of the buffer layer was carried out at a homemade capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) equipment. N,N′-Diphenyl-N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1′-diphenyl-4,4′-diamine (TPD) as HTL, Tris(8-hydroxy-quinolinato)aluminum (Alq₃) as both emitting layer (EML)/electron transporting layer (ETL), and aluminum layer as cathode were deposited using thermal evaporation technique. Electroluminescence (EL) efficiency, operating voltage and stability of the organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) were investigated in order to study the effect of the plasma surface treatment of the ITO anode and role of plasma polymerized methyl methacrylate as an organic ultra-thin buffer layer.     

Transmission and reflection navigated optical probe with depth-tuned surface corrugations

An optical probe with a single aperture flanked by depth-tuned surface corrugations is presented. It can generate enhanced optical transmission at the exit of a slit and lower reflection at the top side of the compound dielectric/metal structure. The probe is designed and discussed on the basis of enhanced surface plasmon resonance for the purpose of high-resolution inspection use. A multidielectric probe consisting of air/glass/C/Ag/air is put forward. The influence of the thickness of the carbon film on the reduction of reflection is analyzed in detail combined with the relevant funneling effect induced by waveguide mode propagation through a central slit. Our simulation results show that a carbon film with a thickness of 150 nm and a 200-nm Ag film with the designed parabolic corrugations can reach our design target of the enhanced optical transmission and minimum reflection. PACS 02.60.Cb; 02.70.Bf; 07.79.Fc; 42.25.Bs     

The relationship between civil aircraft noise and community annoyance in Korea

Studies of community annoyance caused by civil aircraft noise exposure were carried out in 18 areas around Gimpo and Gimhae international airports in order to accumulate social survey data and assess the relationship between aircraft noise levels and annoyance responses in Korea. WECPNL, adopted as the aircraft noise index in Korea, and the percentage of respondents who felt highly annoyed (%HA) have been used to assess the dose-response of aircraft noise. Aircraft noise levels were measured automatically by airport noise monitoring system, B&K type 3597. Social surveys were carried out to people living within 100 m of noise measurement points. The Questionnaire used in the survey contained demographic factors, noise annoyance, interference with daily activities and health-related symptoms. The question relating to the aircraft noise annoyance was answered on an 11-point numerical scale. The randomly selected respondents who were aged between 18 and 70 years completed the questionnaire by themselves. In total, 705 respondents participated in the questionnaire. The results show that WECPNL, noise metric considering characteristics of event and intrusive noise, is more reasonable than L_dn, noise metric considering total sound, to assess the effects of aircraft noise on health. It is also shown that the annoyance responses caused by aircraft noise in Korea seems higher than those reported in other countries.     

Plant glycosyltransferases: their potential as novel biocatalysts

The potential application of glycosyltransferases in glycoconjugate synthesis has attracted considerable interest from the biotechnology community in recent years. This concept article focuses on the current understanding of the chemistry of a family of plant enzymes capable of glycosylating small lipophilic molecules. These enzymes are discussed in terms of their regio- and enantioselective substrate recognition, sugar-donor selectivity and their utility as biocatalysts in whole-cell systems.