Validation of MODIS and Deep Blue aerosol optical depth retrievals in an arid/semi-arid region of northwest China

The global aerosol optical depth (AOD or τ) has been retrieved using the Dark Target algorithm (the C004 and C005 products) and the Deep Blue algorithm (DB product). Few validations have thus far been performed in arid/semi-arid regions, especially in northwest China. The ground-based remote sensing of AOD from sun photometers at four sites in Xinjiang during the years 2002–2003 is used to validate aerosol products, including C004, C005 and DB of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The results show substantial improvement in the C005 aerosol product over the C004 product. The average correlation coefficient of regression with ground measurements increased from 0.59 to 0.69, and the average offset decreased from 0.28 to 0.13. The slopes of the linear regressions tended to be close to unity. The percentage of AODs falling within the retrieval errors of 30% (or △τ = ±0.1 ± 0.2τ) increased from 16.1% to 45.6%. The best retrievals are obtained over an oasis region, whereas the worst are obtained over urban areas. Both the MODIS C004 and C005 products overestimate AOD, which is likely related to improper assumptions of the aerosol model and of the estimation of surface reflectance. An encouraging result has been derived with regard to validation of the DB AOD. Overall, the average offset, slope and correlation coefficient of regression with sun-photometer measurements are ?0.04, 0.88 and 0.85, respectively. Approximately 73% of the DB AOD retrievals fall within the expected error of 30%. Underestimation of the AOD by the DB products is observed. The aerosol model and estimations of surface reflectance in this region require further improvements.     

利用风云2C静止卫星可见光资料反演气溶胶光学厚度

探讨利用中国风云2C静止卫星可见光资料反演气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)的数值方法。通过计算一个月中每日同一时刻平均地表反射率来降低地表反射率估计的随机性, 讨论了该方法中对清洁天AOD值的不同假设对结果的影响。将2008年5月由风云2C可见光资料反演得到的AOD产品分别与东亚6个AERONET站点的AOD产品和MODIS的AOD产品进行了比较, 分析了风云2C卫星的AOD产品算法的误差来源和降低误差影响以及改善产品质量的方案。结果对比表明, 在东亚地区利用风云2C可见光资料反演的AOD产 品可以展示气溶胶的分布样式, 但是目前的算法高估了中国西南部地区和低纬度一些地区的AOD值而低估了中国东部地区的AOD值。     

MODIS卫星监测中国东部地区地面颗粒物的样本时间代表性分析

选取2011年中国东部地区428个测站的PM10质量浓度资料,用Terra和Aqua MODIS AOD产品的时间分布作为指示数据,检验日、月、季、年时间尺度下,卫星过境时刻地面PM数据(SATPM)对地面所有时刻数据平均值(ALLPM)的代表性。结果发现,在东部大部分地区,SATPM与ALLPM的相对误差在±20%以内,且Aqua-MODIS代表性更好。此外,结合两颗卫星的数据,经拟合订正获得了新的日、年时间尺度上PM10质量浓度数据,将其与ALLPM的相关系数从0.87和0.83提高到0.90。此检验结果对于检验卫星数据反演的PM2.5的代表性也有一定指导意义。     

Compact diode-laser-pumped quantum light source based on four-wave mixing in hot rubidium vapor

Using a nondegenerate four-wave mixing process in hot rubidium vapor, we demonstrate a compact diode-laser-pumped system for the generation of intensity-difference squeezing down to 8?kHz with a maximum squeezing of -7?dB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of kilohertz-level intensity-difference squeezing using a semiconductor laser as the pump source. This scheme is of interest for experiments involving atomic ensembles, quantum communications, and precision measurements. The diode-laser-pumped system would extend the range of possible applications for squeezing due to its low cost, ease of operation, and ease of integration.