A multi-objective optimal PID control for a nonlinear system with time delay

It is generally difficult to design feedback controls of nonlinear systems with time delay to meet time domain specifications such as rise time, overshoot, and tracking error. Furthermore, these time domain specifications tend to be conflicting to each other to make the control design even more challenging. This paper presents a cell mapping method for multi-objective optimal feedback control design in time domain for a nonlinear Duffing system with time delay. We first review the multi-objective optimization problem and its formulation for control design. We then introduce the cell mapping method and a hybrid algorithm for global optimal solutions. Numerical simulations of the PID control are presented to show the features of the multi-objective optimal design.     

APPLICATION OF SURROGATE BASED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION TO THE RELIABILITY-BASED ROBUST DESIGN OF COMPOSITE PRESSURE VESSELS

A surrogate based particle swarm optimization （SBPSO） algorithm which combines the surrogate modeling technique and particle swarm optimization is applied to the reliability- based robust design （RBRD） of composite pressure vessels. The algorithm and efficiency of SBPSO are displayed through numerical examples. A model for filament-wound composite pressure vessels with metallic liner is then studied by netting analysis and its responses are analyzed by using Finite element method （performed by software ANSYS）. An optimization problem for maximizing the performance factor is formulated by choosing the winding orientation of the helical plies in the cylindrical portion, the thickness of metal liner and the drop off region size as the design variables. Strength constraints for composite layers and the metal liner are constructed by using Tsai-Wu failure criterion and Mises failure criterion respectively. Numerical examples show that the method proposed can effectively solve the RBRD problem, and the optimal results of the proposed model can satisfy certain reliability requirement and have the robustness to the fluctuation of design variables.     

Ag（I）－QARH络合物在胶束溶液中的光度性质

在ｐＨ５．０的ＨＯＡｃ－ＮａＯＡｃ缓冲溶液中，当有０．１０％ＳＬＳ存在时，Ａｇ（Ｉ）与ＱＡＲＨ形成１：１络合物，λ＿（ｍａｘ）为５３５ｎｍ，ε为１．０５×１０￣５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ￣（－１）·ｃｍ￣（－１），Ａｇ（Ｉ）含量在０．００５～１．００μｇ／ｍＬ范围内服从Ｂｅｅｒ定律，稳定常数为１．７８×１０￣（１５）．所提出的方法用于精铜矿中微量银的测定，结果满意     

DP600双相钢电阻点焊热电瞬态过程数值分析

应用ANSYS软件分析了交变电流加载下DP600点焊的预压和热电瞬态过程,数值模拟揭示了双相钢点焊过程中电场的变化规律和熔融区的形成过程,并通过实验验证了模拟结果的准确性.结果表明:工件间的接触是工件表面的部分接触,接触面的初始导电区域大于锥形电极端面;接触面上各点的电流密度和电压分布随时间变化呈正弦周期波动,最大的电流密度和电压出现在电极边缘处;熔融区的径向增长呈波动性且增长速度大于轴向增长速度;当电流过大时熔融区的模拟值明显大于实验值.     

轴对称三维弹性力学的一个精确解

本文采用三维调和函数在轴对称情况下的一般解,利用三维弹性理论中一些物理量的调和性质,直接从位移函数出发,给出了空间轴对称问题的精确解形式。并针对厚板弯曲问题,建议了一个具体分析过程。从而回避了传统的寻求应力函数的复杂运算。     

Cyclodextrin-supported Co(OH)2 Clusters as Electrocatalysts for Efficient and Selective H2O2 Synthesis

Co-based material catalysts have shown attractive application prospects in the 2 e⁻ oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, for the industrial synthesis of H₂O₂, there is still lack of Co-based catalysts with high production yield rate. Here, novel cyclodextrin-supported Co(OH)₂ cluster catalysts were prepared via a mild and facile method. The catalyst exhibited remarkable H₂O₂ selectivity (94.2 % ~ 98.2 %), good stability (99 % activity retention after 35 h), and ultra-high H₂O₂ production yield rate (5.58 mol g_catalyst⁻¹ h⁻¹ in the H-type electrolytic cell), demonstrating its promising industrial application potential. Density functional theory (DFT) reveals that the cyclodextrin-mediated Co(OH)₂ electronic structure optimizes the adsorption of OOH* intermediates and significantly enhances the activation energy barrier for dissociation, leading to the high reactivity and selectivity for the 2 e⁻ ORR. This work offers a valuable and practical strategy to design Co-based electrocatalysts for H₂O₂ production.     

溶液小角散射技术在软物质研究中的应用与展望※

溶液小角散射实验方法是表征溶液体系多尺度时空结构的研究利器, 在软物质研究领域已得到广泛应用. 溶液小角散射包括X射线散射和中子散射, 可以在纳米到微米空间尺度以及毫秒时间尺度对溶液软物质微观结构进行表征. 微纳尺度结构与研究对象的宏观性能密切相关, 利用同步辐射X射线小角散射高通量、快速时间分辨以及中子小角散射无损、深穿透性的特点, 可以在不同环境变量下系统研究软物质体系的纳米结构及演变过程. 系统介绍了溶液小角散射实验方法的发展现状以及溶液小角散射的基本原理. 结合典型的应用案例, 展望了溶液小角散射技术的发展趋势及其在软物质领域研究中的应用前景.     

Reducing the Ir−O Coordination Number in Anodic Catalysts based on IrOx Nanoparticles towards Enhanced Proton-exchange-membrane Water Electrolysis

Due to the robust oxidation conditions in strong acid oxygen evolution reaction (OER), developing an OER electrocatalyst with high efficiency remains challenging in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer. Recent theoretical research suggested that reducing the coordination number of Ir−O is feasible to reduce the energy barrier of the rate-determination step, potentially accelerating the OER. Inspired by this, we experimentally verified the Ir−O coordination number's role at model catalysts, then synthesized low-coordinated IrO_x nanoparticles toward a durable PEM water electrolyzer. We first conducted model studies on commercial rutile-IrO₂ using plasma-based defect engineering. The combined in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis and computational studies clarify why the decreased coordination numbers increase catalytic activity. Next, under the model studies’ guidelines, we explored a low-coordinated Ir-based catalyst with a lower overpotential of 231 mV@10 mA cm⁻² accompanied by long durability (100 h) in an acidic OER. Finally, the assembled PEM water electrolyzer delivers a low voltage (1.72 V@1 A cm⁻²) as well as excellent stability exceeding 1200 h (@1 A cm⁻²) without obvious decay. This work provides a unique insight into the role of coordination numbers, paving the way for designing Ir-based catalysts for PEM water electrolyzers.     

法律与道德体认关系的社会实证分析

法律是显露的道德,道德是隐形的法律,法律与道德在社会关系中密切关联。没有道德品性的法律是没有人性的法律,会丧失人们对它的信守;没有法律支持的道德是苍白的道德,在市场经济发展中会导致伦理道德的滑坡;法律规则中蕴涵着道德的价值,法律无可直涉的领域需要道德补足;道德作为一种社会规范资源,对社会调整作用的发挥需要借助法律强制力给予维护和支持,有些道德需要法律化;法律的道德价值与道德的经济价值助成一个法治政府坚守正义、坚持公平公正公信的良知,它承负着社会主义公共道德建设的基本职责;在法制中认可、吸纳或盈储一些社会主义公共道德规范,即依循道德的法制逻辑是法治政府加强制度文明建设的基本趋向。     

顺直河型与分汊河型交界段洲滩演变及其对航道条件影响——以长江天兴洲河段为例

借助于天兴洲河段较为系统的年内与年际水沙输移、河床变形等方面原型观测资料,分析了顺直和分汊两种河型交界位置的洲滩和浅滩动态特征.近20年来洲滩形态比较表明,上游顺直河道内汉口边滩上低矮成型淤积体具有以5-6年为周期缓慢下移和突然上提的特性,从而导致汊道进口低滩冲淤具有周期性;近5年来断面流速、含沙量和床沙组成资料的统计表明,汊道进口主流位置在汛枯期左右摆动、漫滩横流强度不断转换,洲头低滩的冲淤强度与年际之间来流条件具有相关性.以上两种因素迭加作用之下,汊道进口的低滩形态不仅随年际之间来水来沙变化而波动,还会因上游顺直河段内成型淤积体上提下移的影响而周期性地淤长萎缩.这种复杂的动态调整特点,使航道条件以若干年为周期,交替呈现出优劣转换.在此结论基础上,可以推测三峡水库蓄水后水沙条件下,该类型汊道进口的航道条件可能趋于恶化.