外加电磁场对火焰结构及燃料燃烧特性的影响

燃料在电、磁场作用下的燃烧是一个新的跨学科性质的研究课题.它涉及磁流体发电、空间技术中电磁燃烧技术的应用以及能源与动力工程中能量转换与效率.本文从实验和理论两个方面,扼要地报导了碳氢燃料在外加磁场、电场影响下的火焰结构及其燃烧特性.把近年来我研究小组的主要研究结果汇总发表.     

应山灵芝研究初报

对湖北应山灵芝的生态,生物学特性及其驯化栽培进行了研究。     

盐胁迫下Na^＋,K^＋,Cl^—对碱蓬和玉米离子的吸收效应

用ＮａＣｌ、ＫＣｌ、ＮａＮＯ３和ＫＮＯ３处理碱蓬（Ｓｕａｅｄａｓａｌｓａ）和玉米（Ｚｅａｍａｙｓ）幼苗,发现ＮａＣｌ胁迫引起Ｋ＋、Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、Ｆｅ２＋、Ｚｎ２＋、ＮＯ－３等必需元素的含量降低．认为ＫＣｌ和ＫＮＯ３处理引起碱蓬幼苗幼叶黄化的主要原因是Ｎａ＋的缺乏;ＫＣｌ处理引起玉米和碱蓬幼苗的干枯死亡主要是由于植物体内高浓度Ｃｌ－引起的;Ｎａ＋是引起盐生植物碱蓬叶片肉质化的重要因子;Ｃｌ－是刺激碱蓬生长的重要因子     

一个简单船体模型的热像模拟（一）

红外热像在国防、工农业生产及科研各领域中有着广泛的应用,而其理论建模又具有极其经济和有效的特点。为此,我们查阅了大量的文献,根据国外的研究情况,在综合考虑各种热效应的基础上,通过合理简化,得到了相应的物理模型。在考虑到外界环境（太阳、天空、海面等）热辐射,空气对流换热和船体模型各部分之间传导及辐射等传热效应的基础上,建立了稳态热交换方程组。在给定一组外界环境参数、船体模型几何结构参数和材料热物性参     

桥梁初步设计专家系统

完成的系统包括上部结构形式和施工方法的选择、墩台类型选择及工程量估算,采用作者提出了双重加权多目标决策方法,对可行的方案进行优化,得出最佳方案,采用多层模糊识别方法对工程量进行估算,系统采用多路线推理、数据驱动和目标驱动相结合的推理策略,运用策略解释法解释推理结论,大量的汉语选择菜单为用户提供了友善的人机界面。     

A solvothermal synthesis and the structure of K4Ag2Sn3S9 x 2KOH

A novel layered K(4)Ag(2)Sn(3)S(9) x 2KOH was synthesized solvothermally. A mixture of ethanol and HSCH(2)CH(SH)CH(2)OH was used for the synthesis. The HSCH(2)CH(SH)CH(2)OH plays an important role and appears to serve as a mineralizer for the solvothermal reaction. A layer comprises Sn(3)S(9)(6)(-) clusters linked by Ag(+) ions and possesses two types of 1D channels in which potassium ions are located. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic P2(1)/m space group [a = 7.8071(2) A, b = 27.3508(1) A, c = 10.5008(2) A, alpha = 90 degrees, beta = 103.874(1) degrees, gamma = 90 degrees, Z = 4]. Its crystal structure, composition analysis, and IR are presented.     

Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Based on Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) Ruthenium(II) with Hydroxyl Carboxylic Acid

Upon the electrochemical oxidation of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)²⁺₃] and hydroxyl carboxylic acids, for instance, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, and -gluconic acid, bright electrochemiluminescences (ECLs) were observed. Different luminescent reactions were presented depending on the applied potential. The light emission was mainly caused by the reaction between alkoxide radical ion and Ru(bpy)³⁺₃below the potential +1.80 V (vs Ag/AgCl). The luminescence intensity obviously increased because of the more complex reaction process. The luminescence wavelength of 608 nm, which could be found either at higher potential than +1.80 V or in the potential range from +1.30 to +1.80 V, confirmed that ECL was caused by Ru(bpy)²⁺₃*. The factors which affect the determination and HPLC separation of the four acids were also investigated.     

Immunosuppressive ent‐Kaurene Diterpenoids from Isodon serra

Three new enmein‐type ent‐kaurenoids, i.e., the two pairs 1 and 2 of 20‐epimers and the (20R)‐isomer 3 , besides the seven known diterpenoids 4 – 10 , were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon serra. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques and X‐ray diffraction. The immunosuppressive effect for T‐lymphocytes proliferation induced by Con A in BALB/c mouse was evaluated for the isolates 1 – 10 . They all displayed a remarkable inhibitory effect, with multi‐glycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii as positive reference substance (Table 3).     

Adsorption of NH3 onto activated carbon prepared from palm shells impregnated with H2SO4

Adsorption of ammonia (NH3) onto activated carbons prepared from palm shells impregnated with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was investigated. The effects of activation temperature and acid concentration on pore surface area development were studied. The relatively large micropore surface areas of the palm-shell activated carbons prepared by H2SO4 activation suggest their potential applications in gas adsorption. Adsorption experiments at a fixed temperature showed that the amounts of NH3 adsorbed onto the chemically activated carbons, unlike those prepared by CO2 thermal activation, were not solely dependent on the specific pore surface areas of the adsorbents. Further adsorption tests for a wide range of temperatures suggested combined physisorption and chemisorption of NH3. Desorption tests at the same temperature as adsorption and at an elevated temperature were carried out to confirm the occurrence of chemisorption due to the interaction between NH3 and some oxygen functional groups via hydrogen bonding. The surface functional groups on the adsorbent surface were detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The amounts of NH3 adsorbed by chemisorption were correlated with the contents of elemental oxygen present in the adsorbents. Mechanisms for chemical activation and adsorption processes are proposed based on the observed phenomena.     

Palladium(II) complexes of bowls, pinwheels, cages, and N,C,N-pincers of starburst ligands 1,3,5-Tris(di-2-pyridylamino)benzene and 2,4,6-Tris(di-2-pyridylamino)-1,3,5-triazene

The reactions of Pd(II) ions with starburst ligands 1,3,5-tris(di-2-pyridylamino)benzene (tdab) and 2,4,6-tris(di-2-pyridylamino)-1,3,5-triazene (tdat) have been investigated. Complexes with the Pd:tdab (or tdat) ratio being 1:1 and 3:1 have been isolated and characterized. The structures of five new Pd(II) complexes containing the starburst ligands have been determined by X-ray diffraction analyses, which include chelate compounds [PdCl(2)(tdab)], 1, [(PdCl(2))(3)(tdab)], 2, [(Pd(OAc)(2))(3)(tdab)], 4, and [(Pd(OAc)(2))(3)(tdat)], 5, and a cyclometalated compound [Pd(OAc)(NCN-tdab)], 3. The Pd(II) ion in the 1:1 compound 1 is chelated by two pyridyl groups. Similarly, each Pd(II) center in the 3:1 compounds 2, 4, and 5 is chelated by two pyridyl groups. However, these three compounds display distinct structural features: 2 adopts a "bowl-shaped" structure, 4 has a "pinwheel"-like structure, and 5 has a "up-and-down" structure. Compounds 4 and 5 were examined in solution by variable-temperature (1)H NMR, which revealed that both compounds retain the "pinwheel" and the "up-and-down" structure, respectively. The observed structural preference by 4 and 5 is attributed to both electronic and steric factors.