全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1986篇 |
免费 | 69篇 |
国内免费 | 17篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1421篇 |
晶体学 | 4篇 |
力学 | 17篇 |
数学 | 296篇 |
物理学 | 240篇 |
综合类 | 94篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 22篇 |
2021年 | 26篇 |
2020年 | 27篇 |
2019年 | 31篇 |
2018年 | 29篇 |
2017年 | 23篇 |
2016年 | 42篇 |
2015年 | 43篇 |
2014年 | 46篇 |
2013年 | 101篇 |
2012年 | 158篇 |
2011年 | 201篇 |
2010年 | 78篇 |
2009年 | 58篇 |
2008年 | 151篇 |
2007年 | 127篇 |
2006年 | 148篇 |
2005年 | 131篇 |
2004年 | 127篇 |
2003年 | 112篇 |
2002年 | 98篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 21篇 |
1999年 | 20篇 |
1998年 | 19篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 20篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2072条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
141.
We describe observations of the amplitude and phase of an electric field diffusing through a three-dimensional random medium, using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. These measurements are spatially resolved with a resolution smaller than the speckle spot size and temporally resolved with a resolution better than one optical cycle. By computing correlation functions between fields measured at different positions and with different temporal delays, it is possible to obtain information about individual scattering events experienced by the diffusing field. This represents a new method for characterizing a multiply scattered wave. 相似文献
142.
Kieran AL Bond AD Belenguer AM Sanders JK 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2003,(21):2674-2675
Disulfide-linked cyclic porphyrin oligomers from dimer to tetramer can be selected and amplified virtually quantitatively from a dynamic combinatorial library using bis-thiol substituted zinc(II) porphyrin units with appropriate amine donor templates. 相似文献
143.
Patient L Berry MB Coles SJ Hursthouse MB Kilburn JD 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2003,(20):2552-2553
Silylated methylenecyclopropyl hydrazones on treatment with BF3 x Et2O cyclise to give heterocyclic products involving a novel sequence of hydride and silyl shifts via a series of increasingly stable cationic intermediates. 相似文献
144.
Hunter CA Low CM Rotger C Vinter JG Zonta C 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2003,(7):834-835
Chemical double mutant cycles have been used to quantify cation-pi interactions in chloroform as a function of the nature of the counteranion. The cation-pi interaction is -2.5 +/- 0.4 kJ mol(-1) and independent of the anion, even though the overall stability of the complexes varies by an order of magnitude due to competition of the anion for alternative binding sites. 相似文献
145.
146.
Enantioselective catalytic reactions that operate directly on inexpensive unactivated alkenes are extraordinarily useful for the preparation of chiral organic building blocks and new materials. While a number of such processes have been developed, our ability to meet the intensifying demand for inexpensive stereochemically complex materials will require a significant expansion of practical catalytic asymmetric reaction methodology. In this regard, the rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective diboration reaction has been developed in order to address a number of extant problems in catalytic alkene transformation simultaneously. This process provides an enantiomerically enriched reactive dimetalated intermediate which can be converted to a variety of difunctional reaction products. 相似文献
147.
[reaction: see text] A single-pot tandem catalytic diene diboration/carbonyl allylation reaction is described that uses a commercially available chiral diboron reagent. The chirality of the intermediate diboration adduct is transferred to the product in the carbonyl allylation reaction, thereby providing access to enantioenriched chiral products. Notably, the reaction allows for construction of a quaternary stereocenter and furnishes a synthetically versatile C-B bond in the reaction product. 相似文献
148.
Peterson AT Ortega-Huerta MA Bartley J Sánchez-Cordero V Soberón J Buddemeier RH Stockwell DR 《Nature》2002,416(6881):626-629
Global climates are changing rapidly, with unexpected consequences. Because elements of biodiversity respond intimately to climate as an important driving force of distributional limitation, distributional shifts and biodiversity losses are expected. Nevertheless, in spite of modelling efforts focused on single species or entire ecosystems, a few preliminary surveys of fauna-wide effects, and evidence of climate change-mediated shifts in several species, the likely effects of climate change on species' distributions remain little known, and fauna-wide or community-level effects are almost completely unexplored. Here, using a genetic algorithm and museum specimen occurrence data, we develop ecological niche models for 1,870 species occurring in Mexico and project them onto two climate surfaces modelled for 2055. Although extinctions and drastic range reductions are predicted to be relatively few, species turnover in some local communities is predicted to be high (>40% of species), suggesting that severe ecological perturbations may result. 相似文献
149.
Ng YF Meillon JC Ryan T Dominey AP Davis AP Sanders JK 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2001,40(9):1757-1760
150.
Read TD Peterson SN Tourasse N Baillie LW Paulsen IT Nelson KE Tettelin H Fouts DE Eisen JA Gill SR Holtzapple EK Okstad OA Helgason E Rilstone J Wu M Kolonay JF Beanan MJ Dodson RJ Brinkac LM Gwinn M DeBoy RT Madpu R Daugherty SC Durkin AS Haft DH Nelson WC Peterson JD Pop M Khouri HM Radune D Benton JL Mahamoud Y Jiang L Hance IR Weidman JF Berry KJ Plaut RD Wolf AM Watkins KL Nierman WC Hazen A Cline R Redmond C Thwaite JE White O Salzberg SL Thomason B Friedlander AM Koehler TM Hanna PC 《Nature》2003,423(6935):81-86
Bacillus anthracis is an endospore-forming bacterium that causes inhalational anthrax. Key virulence genes are found on plasmids (extra-chromosomal, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules) pXO1 (ref. 2) and pXO2 (ref. 3). To identify additional genes that might contribute to virulence, we analysed the complete sequence of the chromosome of B. anthracis Ames (about 5.23 megabases). We found several chromosomally encoded proteins that may contribute to pathogenicity--including haemolysins, phospholipases and iron acquisition functions--and identified numerous surface proteins that might be important targets for vaccines and drugs. Almost all these putative chromosomal virulence and surface proteins have homologues in Bacillus cereus, highlighting the similarity of B. anthracis to near-neighbours that are not associated with anthrax. By performing a comparative genome hybridization of 19 B. cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis strains against a B. anthracis DNA microarray, we confirmed the general similarity of chromosomal genes among this group of close relatives. However, we found that the gene sequences of pXO1 and pXO2 were more variable between strains, suggesting plasmid mobility in the group. The complete sequence of B. anthracis is a step towards a better understanding of anthrax pathogenesis. 相似文献