钛表面生物活性榍石/氧化钛复合涂层的结构和磷灰石形成机理(英文)

采用微弧氧化和热处理复合技术,在钛表面制备了具有双层结构的榍石/氧化钛复合涂层。榍石/氧化钛复合涂层的外层是由微弧氧化涂层经热处理后晶化生成;而内层是由钛基底的氧化生成,并且氧化钛表现出不同的Ti,O原子比。由于钛基底的氧化,孔径在50~500 nm的微孔呈层状结构分布在涂层内层。与微弧氧化涂层相比,该复合涂层具有很好的磷灰石诱导能力,这是由于榍石沿着特定晶面和晶向与羟基磷灰石表现出良好的晶体学匹配关系,从而为磷灰石的成核和取向沉积过程提供良好的位点。     

超级电容器石墨烯-聚苯胺复合材料的研究进展

超级电容器具有功率密度高、充放电速度快、循环寿命长和维护成本低的特点,在电动车动力电池领域具有潜在的应用前景。超级电容器性能主要由其电极材料所决定。聚苯胺易合成、理论比容量高,而且导电性能优异,作为超级电容器电极材料有很高的应用价值。但是,在长期使用过程中,它的体积容易发生膨胀或收缩,循环寿命差。为了解决这个问题,将聚苯胺与石墨烯复合可以扬长避短,充分利用两者之间的协同效应,赋予复合材料优异电化学电容性能。本文综述了超级电容器用石墨烯-聚苯胺复合材料的制备方法,包括原位聚合法、油水界面合成法、电化学合成法、层层自组装法等;提出了三维网状石墨烯和对石墨烯-聚苯胺复合材料进行改性来提高复合材料的电化学电容性能的思路。     

部分还原二氧化钛的NMR和EPR研究

Partially reduced TiO₂ nanomaterials have attracted significant interest because of their visible-light activity for catalysis and photodegradation. Herein, we prepared a partially reduced anatase TiO₂ (Re-A-TiO₂) nanoparticle material using a fast combustion method, demonstrating good activity toward decomposing methyl orange under visible light irradiation. The surface structure of the prepared material, after being surface-selectively ¹⁷O-labeled with H₂¹⁷O (¹⁷O-enriched water), was studied via ¹⁷O and ¹H solid-state magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and the obtained results were compared to those of non-reduced anatase TiO₂ (A-TiO₂). The EPR results showed that the concentrations of paramagnetic species (i.e., oxygen vacancies (OV) and Ti³⁺) in Re-A-TiO₂ were much higher than that in A-TiO₂, while the former was associated with a higher OV/Ti³⁺ ratio. The intensities of the EPR signals were significantly affected by the adsorbed water, and this phenomenon was explored in combination with ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The ¹H species on Re-A-TiO₂ appeared at larger chemical shifts, denoting the increased acidity of the sample, and these ¹H species on Re-A-TiO₂ were more difficult to remove than those on A-TiO₂. On the other hand, different features were observed for the signals arising from the two-coordinated oxygen atoms (μ₂-O) in ¹⁷O NMR, suggesting a typical anatase TiO₂(101) surface on A-TiO₂, but a more complex surface environment for Re-A-TiO₂. Furthermore, a larger amount of hydroxyl groups (OH) were observed on Re-A-TiO₂ compared to that on A-TiO₂, indicating a larger proportion of exposed (001) facets on Re-A-TiO₂. However, the μ₂-O signals broadened and became similar when the drying temperature was increased to 100 ℃, indicating a non-faceted anatase TiO₂ surface in such conditions. Based on the EPR and NMR results, a significant fraction of the OH species is believed to be formed from the reaction of the paramagnetic centers and adsorbed water molecules. The ¹H→¹⁷O cross polarization (CP) MAS and two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation (2D HETCOR) NMR spectra were used to verify the spatial proximity of the hydrogen and oxygen species, confirming the spectral assignments of a strongly adsorbed water and one type of surface OH species. In particular, the ¹H NMR signals at approximately 11 ppm were ascribed to the hydrogen species in the intramolecular hydrogen bond. In summary, this study investigated the paramagnetic species and surface structure of anatase TiO₂ materials by combining EPR along with ¹H and ¹⁷O solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The differences in the surface structures of Re-A-TiO₂ and A-TiO₂ should be closely related to their different properties toward the photodegradation of methyl orange.     

基于监测数据的桥梁结构可靠性评估

桥梁结构健康监测系统能有效监测影响桥梁结构的各种作用及其在结构上产生的效应,可为准确评估桥梁结构的各种性能提供信息.影响桥梁结构性能的因素具有随机性,基于概率的方法是处理随机性的有效工具.研究了结构健康监测与可靠性评估相结合的桥梁结构性能评估方法.分析了纵向应变监测信号的特点,提出一种新的监测信息处理方法.结合工程实例,验证了该方法的可行性,并对可靠性评估结果进行分析.     

淮北地区降雨径流特性及影响因素

为了研究淮北地区天然降雨下的径流及影响因素,以淮北地区蚌埠新马桥试验区为代表,基于典型区不同土地利用天然降雨径流小区试验研究及试验区历史降雨资料,分析研究不同作物植被类型下农田地表径流流失规律.4次产流试验结果表明:当小区前期雨量较大时,小区达到产流条件时的雨强较小;受作物覆盖影响,4种不同土地利用方式下,产流过程中的...     

Cs2NaMF6:Fe3+ (M=Al,Ga)体系局域结构理论研究

构建了d5组态离子在三角晶体场中包含电子—电子间库仑相互作用、自旋—轨道耦合相互作用及配位体相互作用的完全能量矩阵,通过对角化完全能量矩阵研究了过渡金属Fe3↓离子掺杂Cs2 NaMF6(M=Al,Ga)体系的局域晶格结构.得到了Cs2 NaMF6:Fe3+(M=Al、Ga)体系中局域结构参量,对Cs2 NaAlF6:...     

SrWO_4-ZnO复合物的制备及光致发光与光催化性质的研究

采用溶剂热法制备纯的和复合ZnO的SrWO4,利用XRD、TG、PL、ICP和UV-Vis等手段对样品进行表征,研究ZnO含量对SrWO4-ZnO复合物的光致发光及光催化降解次甲基蓝活性的影响.结果表明:适量ZnO的复合引起SrWO4-ZnO复合物PL光谱强度降低,当ZnO复合量为7%时,复合物的PL光谱强度最低,光催化次甲基蓝溶液效率最高.表明复合物的PL光谱与其光催化活性有着一定的联系.     

农户土地流转行为影响因素分析——以重庆市为例

以重庆市为例,通过实地调查,应用主成分分析法,对农户土地流转行为影响因素进行实证分析,确定家庭收支、农村社会保障等是影响农户土地流转行为的重要因素,并据此提出了促进重庆市农村土地市场发展的对策建议.     

改善Rh基催化剂上CO加氢生成C2含氧化物性能的本质及途径

 从CO加氢反应的热力学出发,分析了C2含氧化合物生成反应的途径和机理,阐述了改善Rh基催化剂上生成C2含氧化合物性能的本质以及实现的途径. 结果显示,相对于CO加氢生成烃类的反应,乙醇、乙醛和乙酸等C2含氧化合物的生成在热力学上是极为不利的; 最重要、最有效的提高C2含氧化合物生成活性的手段是开发具有高选择性的催化剂. 通过对浸渍方法和还原条件的选择,适当地抑制了Rh-Mn-Li-Fe/SiO2催化剂加氢活性,最终改善了催化剂的加氢性能,使得甲烷选择性降至6.3%, 而生成C2含氧化合物的选择性达到91.6%, 且保持有较高的时空收率.     

改性淀粉絮凝剂的制备及絮凝性能研究

以淀粉和丙烯酰胺为主要原料,采用反相乳液聚合方法制备淀粉接枝共聚物,考察了诸因素对反应过程的影响,并对产物絮凝性能进行了研究.结果显示:该絮凝剂能使污水中颗粒悬浮物絮凝成大颗粒沉淀,达到较好的絮凝效果.