Investigating the effects of solid surfaces on ice nucleation

Understanding the role played by solid surfaces in ice nucleation is a significant step toward designing anti-icing surfaces. However, the uncontrollable impurities in water and surface heterogeneities remain a great challenge for elucidating the effects of surfaces on ice nucleation. Via a designed process of evaporation, condensation, and subsequent ice formation in a closed cell, we investigate the ice nucleation of ensembles of condensed water microdroplets on flat, solid surfaces with completely different wettabilities. The water microdroplets formed on flat, solid surfaces by an evaporation and condensation process exclude the uncontrollable impurities in water, and the effects of surface heterogeneities can be minimized through studying the freezing of ensembles of separate and independent water microdroplets. It is found that the normalized surface ice nucleation rate on a hydrophilic surface is about 1 order of magnitude lower than that on a hydrophobic surface. This is ascribed to the difference in the viscosity of interfacial water and the surface roughness.     

Boundary blow-up solutions of <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-Laplacian elliptic equations with lower order terms

We study the existence, uniqueness, and asymptotic behavior of blow-up solutions for a general quasilinear elliptic equation of the type ?Δ _p u = a(x)u ^m ?b(x)f(u) with p >  1 and 0 <  m <  p?1. The main technical tool is a new comparison principle that enables us to extend arguments for semilinear equations to quasilinear ones. Indeed, this paper is an attempt to generalize all available results for the semilinear case with p =  2 to the quasilinear case with p >  1.     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法分析钢铁中痕量锑

建立氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法分析钢铁中痕量锑的新方法.试验了钢铁中常见元素Cu、V、Cr、Mn、Mo、Si、W、Ni和Ti等对锑元素测定的影响.考察了原子化器高度、载气流速、屏蔽气流速、载流酸和硼氢化钾浓度等因素对测定的影响,优化了测定条件.结果表明,在选定的实验条件下,碘化钾-抗坏血酸混合溶液不仅能作为Sb5+的预还原剂,并且还能有效掩蔽Fe、Cu、V、Cr、Mn、Mo、Si、W和Ti的干扰,而共存元素Ni的干扰需要EDTA-硫脲进行联合掩蔽.方法的线性范围为0～120 ng/mL(相关系数r=0.9990),检出限为0.24 ng/mL,测定结果的相对标准偏差为5.1 %(n=10).用该法对国家标准钢样进行分析,测定结果与标准值相符合.     

Automorphism groups of linear spaces and their parabolic subgroups

Suppose that an almost simple group G acts line transitively on a finite linear space S. Let Gx be a point stabilizer in G and suppose that G has socle T, a simple group of Lie type. In this paper we show that if T∩Gx is a parabolic subgroup of T, then G is flag transitive on S.     

基于结构方程的信号交叉口驾驶人两难区选择行为影响因素分析

驾驶人在信号交叉口两难区的驾驶选择行为影响因素分析对交叉口的安全运行具有重要意义。通过设计问卷,获取了不同个人属性、不同道路情况、考虑设置辅助驾驶系统等因素下驾驶人的选择行为,使用结构方程分析了上述因素对驾驶人在两难区的选择行为的影响。结果表明:驾驶人的个人属性、驾驶信息、对于辅助系统的态度及意见等都对驾驶人在两难区的选择行为有直接的影响,而其中驾驶人的驾驶信息是主要影响因素。     

1,3-二炔的合成

随着1,3-二炔类化合物在有机合成及功能材料等领域的广泛应用,它的合成引起了广大研究者的关注.本文阐述了1,3-二炔类化合物的合成发展历史,着重综述了近十年来1,3-二炔类化合物的合成发展情况,按原料类别进行介绍,主要包括以末端炔、炔基卤化物、金属炔化物和烯基卤化物等为原料合成1,3-二炔化合物的新成果.文章还分析了一些合成方法在医药领域的应用和重要的反应机理,并总结了该类化合物的合成及未来发展方向.     

钯－抗坏血酸基体改进剂石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定食品中的痕量硒

本文用塞曼效应石墨炉原子吸收法测定食品中的硒，研究了各种基体改进剂对硒信号的改进效应，找出最佳的改进剂钯－抗坏血酸，使硒的灰化和原子化都能达到较高温度，在提高灵敏度，降低干扰方面也取得较好的效果。本方法操作简单、快速，灵敏度高，能有效地测定食品中的痕量硒。方法的回收率在９５．６％～１０４．０％之间，其相对标准偏差为３．０％，检出限为４．８５ｎｇ／ｍＬ。     

聚苯胺在高pH值溶液中的电化学活性

由于聚苯胺(PANI)独特的质子酸掺杂机制, 其在高pH值溶液中会发生去质子化过程, 导致失去导电性和电化学活性, 故普通PANI只有在酸性介质中(pH<4)才具有电化学氧化-还原活性, 这成为PANI应用的一大障碍. 为解决PANI在高pH值溶液中的“失活”问题, 人们提出了各种各样的方法. 从基于质子酸掺杂机理和基于电荷转移机理的两大解决途径入手, 就提高PANI在高pH环境中电化学活性的方法进行了系统综述, 重点评述了自掺杂、高分子酸掺杂和碳纳米管掺杂PANI的制备方法、电化学特性以及提高电化学活性的作用机制, 并指出了提高PANI高pH环境下的电化学活性所存在的难点及今后的研究方向.     

Studies on the Synthesis and Perporties of Ethyl-N-Alkylphosphoro(Thioureido)Thioates

Abstract

O-Ethyl-N-alkylphosphoro(thioureido)thioates(II) were synthesized by the addition of O-ethyl-N-alkylphosphor-isothiocyanatidothioates(I) with corresponding alkyl or aryl amines, in which R=C¹, -C₃, R¹, R²=H, alkyl or aryl. Their structures were confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The results of bioassay showed that they had fairly good fungicidal and herbicidal activities. When II(R¹=H,R²=i-Pr,Ph,aryl etc.) reacted with chloroacetyl chloride, the compounds III were given.     

重复性"饥饿/再投喂"对大鼠脂代谢及主动脉影响的研究

为探讨经过重复性"饥饿/再投喂"方式处理后大鼠摄取高脂食物时有关体质量控制与能量平衡调节的瘦素(leptin)和神经肽Y(NPY)的表达变化,设计"重复性饥饿1 d/再投喂基础饲料1 d,持续6周"的饲喂方式处理动物模型,6周后改为每天喂以高脂饲料(高脂模型组),另设高脂对照组和基础对照组,喂养至12周,测定了血脂水平...