遗传算法优化的无刷直流电机模糊PID控制器设计

设计一种基于遗传算法优化的模糊PID(比例-积分-微分)控制器GFPC（genetic algorithm based fuzzy PID controller）, 以提高无刷直流电机的工作稳定性. GFPC通过模糊控制器整定PID的比例、积分和微分系数, 并采用改进的遗传算法对模糊控制器的隶属度函数和模糊规则进行优化, 以改善无刷直流电机的控制效果. 通过对比实验对该方法进行测试, 结果表明, GFPC具有更好的稳态性能和动态品质, 且自适应能力与鲁棒性更强.     

环壳弹性静力及自由振动问题的弱形式求积元分析

基于旋转薄壳理论, 采用求积元法, 建立了求积元法求解环壳问题的单元列式, 并对圆环壳、椭圆环壳的静力及自由振动问题进行了分析. 数值算例与精确解及有限元结果相对比, 证明了求积元法分析此类连续环壳问题的准确和高效性. 同时, 分析结果表明, 椭圆环壳长短轴的比值k对壳体的受力特性及求积元法的收敛率有显著的影响.     

通过Heck偶联反应制备具有pH响应的吡啶基团功能化的多孔材料

四(4-苯乙烯基)硅烷(TVBS)和溴代二苯乙烯基吡啶(Br-DSP)通过Heck偶联反应构筑以共价键连接的具有pH响应的新型多孔材料. 材料具有良好的孔性能和热稳定性能, 其比表面积为467 m²·g^-1, 孔体积为0.41 cm³·g^-1. 所得的多孔材料在273 K/760 mmHg条件下的CO₂吸附量为2.96 wt%. 二苯乙烯基吡啶(DSP)单元的引入, 使多孔材料具有优异的荧光性能, 其中N原子作为质子化中心, 使材料具有pH响应性. 在固体状态下, 材料的荧光最大发射波长在526 nm; 在pH＝1.00～4.50范围内, 材料的荧光最大发射波长和相应的pH值成线性关系, 表明该材料可用于酸性溶液的精确地快速检测.     

大数据质量管理:问题与研究进展

 当前大数据在多个领域广泛存在,大数据的质量对其有效应用起着至关重要的作用,因而需要对大数据进行质量管理.尽管数据质量管理方面已经有一些研究成果,但由于大数据具有规模大、速度快和多样性高的特点,现有的方法难以适用于大数据质量管理.本文针对错误发现、错误修复和劣质数据查询处理,综述了大数据质量管理的问题与挑战,认为大数据质量管理的挑战主要有计算困难、错误混杂和缺少知识3 个方面.本文依据这3 个方面的解决方法,对大数据质量管理目前的研究进展进行了综述,并展望了大数据质量管理未来的研究方向.     

微矩形槽平板热管的设计制造及性能分析

目前微槽平板热管成为热管研究和开发的重点。文中简要介绍了平板热管的设计要点及制造工艺,并通过实验,对设计制作的平板热管进行了性能测试。得出如下结论:该平板热管具有良好的启动特性和工作特性;在设计中要注意工质与管壳材料的相容性;制作时要严格控制清洗、检漏、充装等关键工序以保证制作质量。     

Electronic and thermodynamic properties of ReB2 under high pressure and temperature

First-principles calculations of the crystal structures of rhenium diboride (ReB₂) have been carried out with the plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory method. The calculated values are in very good agreement with experimental data as well as with some of the existing model calculations. The quasi-harmonic Debye model, using a set of total energy versus molar volume obtained with the first-principles calculations, is applied to the study of the thermal and vibrational effects. The structural parameters, thermal expansions, heat capacities, Grüneisen parameters and Debye temperatures dependence on the temperature and pressure are obtained in the whole pressure range from 0 to 70 GPa and temperature range from 0 to 2000 K as well as compared with available data.     

土壤-玉米重金属富集迁移特征及秸秆还田

针对重金属的富集与迁移特征的研究多集中在受污染的土壤区域,对未被污染区域重金属富集与迁移特征的研究相对较少.为了研究未被污染区域重金属富集与迁移特征,选取青州市南张楼村为研究区域,研究区是典型的平原村落,区域内无地表水系,以种植玉米、小麦、胡萝卜等农产品为主,远离城区与工业园区,是较为理想的研究场所.通过采集南张楼村根系土-玉米系统(根、下茎、中茎、上茎、叶、籽实)配套样品32套,应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法、X射线荧光光谱法、原子荧光光谱法等测定配套样品各部分中的重金属元素As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb、Zn、Cu、Ni的含量,结合统计学方法与生物系数法,研究了重金属元素在土壤-玉米中的富集与迁移特征.分析研究发现,重金属在玉米植株各部位中的含量存在差异,从大到小依次为根、茎、叶、籽实;Cu、Zn、Cd在玉米茎中的富集表现出了明显的顶端聚集,而Pb、Cr、Ni、As的富集则表现出了明显的底端聚集;玉米植株根中Pb、Cr、Ni、As聚集明显,茎中Cu、Cd聚集明显,叶中Hg的聚集明显,籽实中Zn聚集明显,说明不同重金属元素在玉米成长过程中的迁移存在差异;由于重金属元素在玉米植株各部位的富集程度不同,因此在秸秆还田过程中可以考虑部分还田方案.     

ZnO nanorods decorated calcined Mg–Al layered double hydroxides as photocatalysts with a high adsorptive capacity

The nanocomposites of magnesium–aluminium–carbonate–layered double hydroxides (Mg–Al–CO₃–LDHs) and ZnO nanorods were prepared via a homogeneous precipitation process. The presence of ZnO nanorods made the calcined Mg–Al–CO₃–LDHs, the strong adsorptive adsorbents for anions, have a photocatalytic activity. Both Mg–Al–CO₃–LDHs and the nanocomposites with various ZnO/Mg–Al–CO₃–LDHs mass ratios from 0.5:1 to 3:1 were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra. The nanocomposites quickly adsorbed the anionic dyes such as acid red G (ARG) without the light illumination, and the adsorbed dyes on the recovered nanocomposites were then degraded in a separated photocatalytic reactor. The adsorption ability of the nanocomposites and their photocatalytic activities for the removal of ARG were evaluated by the Fourier transform infrared spectra and UV–vis extinction spectra. The sample at 3:1 ZnO/Mg–Al–CO₃–LDHs mass ratio was shown to have higher photocatalytic efficiencies.     

Determination of flavonoids in Houttuynia cordata Thunb. and Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Bail. by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection

Four flavonoids (rutin, hyperoside, quercitrin and quercetin) in Houttuynia cordata Thunb. and Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Bail. were determined by capillary electrophoresis with wall-jet amperometric detection. The working electrode was a 500 μm diameter carbon disc electrode and the detection potential was +0.95 V (versus Ag/AgCl). Effects of several important factors, such as the running buffer and its corresponding pH and concentration, separation voltage, injection time were investigated to acquire the optimum conditions for separation of these four flavonoids. Baseline separation for the four flavonoids was obtained within 21 min in a 60 cm length capillary at a separation voltage of 15 kV with a 60 mmoL/L Na₂B₄O₇-120 mmoL/L NaH₂PO₄ buffer (pH 8.8) as running buffer. The relationship between peak currents and analyte concentrations was linear over about two orders of magnitude with detection limits (defined as S/N = 3) ranging from 0.02 to 0.05 μg/mL for all analytes. This method was applied for the determination of the above four flavonoids in H. cordata Thunb. and S. chinensis (Lour.) Bail. with simple extraction procedures, and the assay results were satisfactory.     

根据常规测井资料评价储层孔隙结构

准确计算储层孔隙结构参数是产能预测的关键。常规连续计算储层孔隙结构参数的方法主要是以核磁资料和毛管资料为基础的,但在没有核磁资料的情况下,这一方法受到限制。通过对实验数据进行研究分析,提出了根据常规测井资料以及毛管压力资料连续计算储层孔隙结构参数的新方法,该方法能在缺少核磁资料的情况下达到连续计算储层孔隙结构参数的目的,弥补了利用常规测井资料计算储层孔隙结构参数的不足。对L油田高孔、高渗储层实际资料处理表明,新方法得到的渗透率、孔喉半径均值、毛管压力中值与岩心分析资料吻合较好,验证了该方法的准确性与广泛适用性。