一种适用于牧区的新型太阳能系统

我国是世界上地质灾害最严重的国家之一,对人民群众的生命财产安全构成了极大的威胁.湖南省又是我国地质灾害较严重的省份之一,且水系发育,河湖地地质灾害较多.本文以澧县为例,介绍了河湖地区管涌、岸崩的发育特征、分布规律及形成因素等,并提出了相应的防治措施,最后对河湖地质灾害进行了易发性分区,取得了较好的实际效果.结果表明:文中提出的方法对河湖地区的地质灾害防治具有一定的实际指导意义.     

基于鉴相器的手机瞬时心率监测软件设计

目前用手机摄像头监测心率的手机软件无法检测瞬时心率,因为手机上资源有限,而占用资源较少的主要检测方法差分阈值法需要根据一段时间的结果来设定阈值才能准确检测出心率,不适于瞬时心率的检测.针对以上问题提出了一种基于鉴相器的瞬时心率检测算法,通过手机摄像头检测出的脉搏波信号先与正弦参考信号相乘,再经过低通滤波器提取心率成分,根据相位的变化逐拍检测心率的变化.在Android智能手机上的实验结果表明,与ECG方法相比,计算精度能满足要求.与差分阈值法和滤波器组法相比,本文提出的方法能较快地检测出瞬时心率.     

Deep cleaning of a metallurgical zinc leaching residue and recovery of valuable metals

Huge quantities of zinc leaching residues (ZLRs) generated from zinc production are dumped continuously around the world and pose a potential environmental threat because of their considerable amounts of entrained heavy metals (mainly lead). Most ZLRs have not been properly treated and the valuable metals in them have not yet been effectively recovered. Herein, the deep cleaning of a ZLR and recovery of valuable metals via a hydrometallurgical route were investigated. The cleaning process consists of two essential stages:acid leaching followed by calcium chloride leaching. The optimum conditions for extracting zinc, copper, and indium by acid leaching were a sulfuric acid concentration of 200 g·L-1, a liquid/solid ratio of 4:1 (mL/g), a leaching time of 2 h, and a temperature of 90℃. For lead and silver extractions, the optimum conditions were a calcium chloride concentration of 400 g·L-1, a pH value of 1.0, a leaching time of 1 h, and a temperature of 30℃. After calcium chloride leaching, silver and lead were extracted out and the lead was finally recovered as electrolytic lead by electrowinning. The anglesite phase, which poses the greatest potential environmental hazard, was removed from the ZLR after deep cleaning, thus reducing the cost of environmental management of ZLRs. The treatment of chlorine and spent electrolyte generated in the process was discussed.     

Stability analysis of a rotor–bearing system with time-varying bearing stiffness due to finite number of balls and unbalanced force

Previous investigations have indicated that the finite number of balls can cause the bearing stiffness to vary periodically. However, effects of unbalanced force in a rotor–bearing system on the bearing stiffness have not received sufficient attention. The present work reveals that the unbalanced force can also make the bearing stiffness vary periodically. The parametric excitations from the time-varying bearing stiffness can cause instability and severe vibration under certain operating conditions. Therefore, the determination of the operating conditions of parametric instability is crucial to the design of high speed rotating machinery. In this paper, an extended Jones–Harris stiffness model is presented to ascertain the stiffness of the angular contact ball bearing considering five degrees of freedom. Stability analysis of a rigid rotor–bearing system is performed utilizing the discrete state transition matrix (DSTM) method. The effects of unbalanced force, bearing loads and damping on the instability regions are discussed thoroughly. Investigations mainly show that the time-varying bearing stiffness fluctuates sinusoidally due to finite number of balls and unbalanced force. The locations and widths of the instability regions caused by these two parametric excitations differ distinctly. Unbalanced force could change the widths of the instability regions, but without altering their central positions. The axial and radial loads of the bearing only change the positions of the instability regions, without affecting their widths. Besides, damping can reduce the widths of the instability regions.     

大同市居民对室内空气质量认知程度的调查

为了解大同市居民对室内空气质量的认知情况，并分析认知程度与教育的关系，于2016年3月至5月，在大同市城区的9个社区随机对居民进行问卷调查。问卷内容包括居民对室内空气质量安全知识的了解，检测室内空气质量的意愿和治理意愿3个方面。将居民所处地域、居民的年龄与学历对室内空气质量安全认知程度的影响分别进行统计学分析。结果表明，大同市居民室内空气质量安全认知程度总体得分15.8，得分率为52.7%；新城区的居民对室内空气质量安全认知水平高于老城区居民（p<0.05）；学历越高且越年轻的居民对室内空气质量安全的认知水平越高，寻求有关机构进行室内空气检测和治理的意愿更强烈，且对检测和治理的费用承受度较高。大同市居民对室内空气质量安全认知程度总体不高，还应加强对市民的室内空气质量安全方面的教育。     

Leaching behavior of V,Pb,Cd,Cr,and As from stone coal waste rock with different particle sizes

This paper investigates the leaching behavior of heavy metals(V,Pb,Cd,Cr,and As) from stone coal waste rocks with various particle sizes using dynamic leaching experiments.The results show that the dissolved concentrations of V and As initially increased and then slightly decreased as time progressed and that the dissolved concentrations of Pb,Cd,and Cr were high in the early stage before decreasing.The particle size of the stone coal waste rocks strongly influenced the heavy metal concentration in the leaching solutions.The effects of the particle size of the stone coal waste rocks on the dissolved concentrations of V,Pb,and As decreased in the order fine fraction medium fraction coarse fraction,and the effects of particle size on the dissolved concentrations of Cr and Cd decreased in the order medium fraction coarse fraction fine fraction and coarse fraction medium fraction fine fraction,respectively.The quantities of heavy metals dissolved from the stone coal waste rock with fine particle sizes were observed to decrease in the order V(17104.36 μg/kg) As(609.41 μg/kg) Pb(469.24 μg/kg) Cr(56.35 μg/kg) Cd(27.52 μg/kg),and the dissolution rates decreased in the order As(2.96%) Pb(0.93%) V(0.35%) Cd(0.25%) Cr(0.01%).The specific surface area,pore size of the stone coal waste rocks,and chemical forms of heavy metals also influenced the release of heavy metals from the stone coal waste rocks.Kinetic analysis showed that the dissolution of heavy metals fundamentally agreed with the rate equation controlled by the shrinking core model.The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for the evaluation of heavy metals contamination from stone coal waste rocks.