KEADA: Identifying Key Classes in Software Systems Using Dynamic Analysis and Entropy-Based Metrics

Software maintenance is indispensable in the software development process. Developers need to spend a lot of time and energy to understand the software when maintaining the software, which increases the difficulty of software maintenance. It is a feasible method to understand the software through the key classes of the software. Identifying the key classes of the software can help developers understand the software more quickly. Existing techniques on key class identification mainly use static analysis techniques to extract software structure information. Such structure information may contain redundant relationships that may not exist when the software runs and ignores the actual interaction times between classes. In this paper, we propose an approach based on dynamic analysis and entropy-based metrics to identify key classes in the Java GUI software system, called KEADA (identifying KEy clAsses based on Dynamic Analysis and entropy-based metrics). First, KEADA extracts software structure information by recording the calling relationship between classes during the software running process; such structure information takes into account the actual interaction of classes. Second, KEADA represents the structure information as a weighted directed network and further calculates the importance of each node using an entropy-based metric OSE (One-order Structural Entropy). Third, KEADA ranks classes in descending order according to their OSE values and selects a small number of classes as the key class candidates. In order to verify the effectiveness of our approach, we conducted experiments on three Java GUI software systems and compared them with seven state-of-the-art approaches. We used the Friedman test to evaluate all approaches, and the results demonstrate that our approach performs best in all software systems.     

Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Introduction Rapid adaptation to environmental challenges is vitally important for bacterial survival and growth. One way in which bacteria control their response to changing environmental conditions is through the mechanism of two-component signal transd…     

Simultaneous Determination of Six Immunosuppressants in Human Whole Blood by HPLC-MS/MS Using a Modified QuEChERS Method

A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established for the simultaneous determination of mycophenolic acid, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, rapamycin, everolimus and pimecrolimus in human whole blood by optimizing the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) preparation method. Whole blood was extracted into ethyl acetate, salted out with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and purified with ethylenediamine-N-propyl silane adsorbent. The supernatant was evaporated under nitrogen until dry and finally reconstituted in methanol. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column in methanol (mobile phase A)-water (optimized for 0.1% acetic acid and 10 mM ammonium acetate, mobile phase B) at a 0.3 mL·min⁻¹ flow rate. Electrospray ionization and positive ion multiple reaction monitoring were used for detection. The time for of analysis was 13 min. The calibration curves range of tacrolimus, rapamycin, everolimus and pimecrolimus were in the range of 1–100 ng·mL⁻¹, mycophenolate mofetil in the range of 0.1–10 ng·mL⁻¹ and mycophenolic acid at 10–1000 ng·mL⁻¹. All correlation coefficients were >0.993. The coefficients of variation (CV, %) for inter-day and intra-day precision were less than 10%, while the spiked recoveries were in the range of 92.1% to 116%. Our method was rapid, sensitive, specific, and reproducible for the simultaneous determination of six immunosuppressants in human whole blood. Importantly, our approach can be used to monitor drug concentrations in the blood to facilitate disease treatment.     

湖南地区装配式混凝土外挂墙板接缝宽度研究

装配式混凝土外挂墙板接缝宽度影响建筑的结构和防水性能,我国现行标准JGJ/T 458根据气温、抗震设防烈度等因素的不同,提出了设计计算方法,但计算过程十分繁琐﹒基于此,本文针对湖南地区气温、抗震设防要求和风荷载,分别按我国JGJ/T 458、美国PCI手册与德国DIN 18540的计算方法对比分析了混凝土外挂墙板的接缝宽度大小,并提出了适合湖南地区的装配式混凝土外挂墙板的接缝宽度的简易设计方法﹒     

Anisotropic Superconducting Properties of Kagome Metal CsV_3Sb_5

We systematically measure the superconducting(SC) and mixed state properties of high-quality CsV_3 Sb_5 single crystals with T_c～3.5 K.We find that the upper critical field H_(c2)(T) exhibits a large anisotropic ratio of H_(c2)~(ab)/H_(c2)~c～9 at zero temperature and fitting its temperature dependence requires a minimum two-band effective model.Moreover,the ratio of the lower critical field,H_(c1)~(ab)/H_(c1)~c,is also found to be larger than 1,which indicates that the in-plane energy dispersion is strongly renormalized near Fermi energy.Both H_(c1)(T) and SC diamagnetic signal are found to change little initially below T_c～3.5 K and then to increase abruptly upon cooling to a characteristic temperature of ～2.8 K.Furthermore,we identify a two-fold anisotropy of in-plane angular-dependent magnetoresistance in the mixed state.Interestingly,we find that,below the same characteristic T～2.8 K,the orientation of this two-fold anisotropy displays a peculiar twist by an angle of 60° characteristic of the Kagome geometry.Our results suggest an intriguing superconducting state emerging in the complex environment of Kagome lattice,which,at least,is partially driven by electron-electron correlation.     

免疫胶体金对小鼠巨噬细胞和NK细胞活性的影响

实验设计了4种直径和3种剂量12个组合的胶体金对小白鼠进行注射处理：采用MTT法和LDH短程释放法．测定了腹腔巨嗜细胞活性和脾脏NK细胞活性．结果表明：不同直径和剂量的CG对机体有不同程度的影响。其中直径15nm．10nmCG的0．3mL和0．2mL剂量组可显著提高腹腔巨噬细胞活性及脾脏NK细胞杀伤活性,0．1mL剂量组虽有提高但不显著;直径5nm．20nm各个剂量组效果的波动较大,中、高剂量组对四项指标起促进作用但不显著．低剂量组则没有促进作用。证明了15nm和10nm中高剂量的胶体金可显著提高小鼠巨噬细胞功能和脾脏NK细胞活性。     

流动注射停流-催化光度法测定环境水样中痕量Mn(Ⅱ)的研究

在碱性介质中,Mn(Ⅱ)对催化KIO4氧化镁试剂Ⅰ(对硝基苯偶氮间苯二酚)的褪色反应有显著作用。据此建立了测定痕量Mn(Ⅱ)的流动注射停流-催化光度法。优化了流动注射条件,Mn(Ⅱ)在2~10μg/L,10~160μg/L,160~1000μg/L范围内符合比尔定律,采样频率6样/h,检出限0.12μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)4.9%(n=6)。用于环境水样中Mn(Ⅱ)的检测,回收率为95.5%~102%。     

不同丝状真菌Delta-12脱饱和酶的生物信息学比较分析

运用生物信息学方法对卷枝毛霉、稻根霉菌、高山被孢霉和米曲霉等丝状真菌的Delta-12脱饱和酶的氨基酸组成、理化性质、氨基酸保守位点、进化关系、信号肽、跨膜结构。亲水性/疏水性和二级结构等进行比较分析.结果表明:丝状真菌Detal-12脱饱和酶是一种亲水的稳定的膜结合蛋白,不具有信号肽,具有明显的疏水跨膜区域,有3个保守的His-box功能区域,二级结构主要由螺旋和不规则卷曲构成,其中螺旋占50%以上.     

噻菌灵-锰（Ⅱ）配合物的合成、单晶结构解析及表征

溶剂热法合成了一个新的Mn配合物,[Mn（TBDZ）2]NO3·Cl·H2O（TBDZ=噻菌灵）．此配合物属于单斜晶系,P2（1）／c空间群,a=16．003（7）A,b=11．158（5）A,c=13．905（6）A,a=90．00°,β=113．196（5）°,γ=90．00°,V=2282．3（16）A^3,Z=4．每个锰离子分别与来自两个噻菌灵分子上的两个氮原子形成双螯合结构,同时还与另一个氯离子,一个配位水的氧原子配位,形成了一个变形的八面体结构．未配位的硝酸根离子与配位水,噻菌灵上的另一个亚胺基上的氢原子形成氢键,参与了配合物的空间连接．     

二维灰度直方图上的距离判别分割方法

在图像的二维灰度直方图上,通过距离判别的方法得出在其上进行聚类划分的依据,即一条二次曲线．用此曲线进行分割的优点在于能考虑到二维灰度直方图上的所有像素点．理论分析和实验结果都表明,此方法较二维灰度直方图上的其它阈值分割方法优越．