“Self-repairing” nanoshell for cell protection

Self-repair is nature''s way of protecting living organisms. However, most single cells are inherently less capable of self-repairing, which greatly limits their wide applications. Here, we present a self-assembly approach to create a nanoshell around the cell surface using nanoporous biohybrid aggregates. The biohybrid shells present self-repairing behaviour, resulting in high activity and extended viability of the encapsulated cells (eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells) in harsh micro-environments, such as under UV radiation, natural toxin invasion, high-light radiation and abrupt pH-value changes. Furthermore, an interaction mechanism is proposed and studied, which is successful to guide design and synthesis of self-repairing biohybrid shells using different bioactive molecules.     

非线性光机械系统中的弱力探测

从理论上研究了包含光学参量放大器的非线性腔光机械系统的弱力探测性能.一方面,发现通过调节光学参量放大器的非线性增益以及输入光场与腔场之间的有效失谐,可以减小压缩正交中约14 dB的量子噪声,从而将弱力探测灵敏度提高2倍以上.另一方面,分析了非线性腔结合零差测量产生的反作用噪声相消现象并且实现量子非破坏测量的方法.     

Palladium-catalyzed direct allylation of fluorinated benzothiadiazoles with allyl chlorides

A palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of fluorinated benzothiadiazoles (FBTs) with allyl chlorides is reported. The significant feature of this method is synthetic simplicity, providing a straightforward access to unsymmetrical and symmetrical alkylated FBT derivatives that are of interest in organic electronic and optoelectronic materials.     

Saliency detection based on superpixels clustering and stereo disparity

Reliable saliency detection can be used to quickly and effectively locate objects in images. In this paper, a novel algorithm for saliency detection based on superpixels clustering and stereo disparity (SDC) is proposed. Firstly, we use an improved superpixels clustering method to decompose the given image. Then, the disparity of each superpixel is computed by a modified stereo correspondence algorithm. Finally, a new measure which combines stereo disparity with color contrast and spatial coherence is defined to evaluate the saliency of each superpixel. From the experiments we can see that regions with high disparity can get higher saliency value, and the saliency maps have the same resolution with the source images, objects in the map have clear boundaries. Due to the use of superpixel and stereo disparity information, the proposed method is computationally efficient and outperforms some state-of-the-art colorbased saliency detection methods.     

Microwave‐assisted extraction in combination with HPLC‐UV for quantitative analysis of six bioactive oxoisoaporphine alkaloids in Menispermum dauricum DC

A novel and reliable method based on microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) followed by HPLC‐UV was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of six pharmacologically important oxoisoaporphine alkaloids in the total plants of Menispermum dauricum DC. The optimal MAE extraction condition was performed at 60°C for 11 min with ethanol–water (70:30, v/v) as the extracting solvent, and the solvent to solid ratio was 20:1. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed‐phase YMC C₁₈ column (250 × 4.6 mm, i.d., 5 µm) with a gradient mobile phase consisting of A (1% aqueous formic acid) and B (acetonitrile containing 1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 422 nm. Excellent linearity over the investigated concentration ranges was observed with values of r >0.999 for all analytes. The method developed was validated with acceptable sensitivity, intra‐ and inter‐day precision and extraction recoveries. It was successfully applied to the determination of six alkaloids in Menispermum dauricum DC from different sources and different parts of Menispermum dauricum DC. The results obtained indicated that the method is suitable for the quality control of Menispermum dauricum DC. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Phase field crystal study of the crystallization modes within the two-phase region

Using the phase field crystal approach, the crystallization process within the liquid–solid coexistence region is investigated for a square lattice on an atomic scale. Two competing growth modes, i.e., the diffusion-controlled growth through long-range atomic migration in liquid and the diffusionless growth through local atom rearrangement, which give rise to two completely different crystallization behaviors, are compared. In the diffusion-controlled regime, the interface migrates in a layerwise manner, leading to a gradual change of crystal morphology from truncated square to four-fold symmetric dendrite with the increase of driving force. For the diffusionless growth mode, a single crystal with no significant density change occupies the whole system at a faster rate while exhibiting a small growth anisotropy. The competition between these two modes is also discussed from the key input of the phase field crystal model: the correlation function.     

基于正态分布概率模型的渗滤液回灌影响分析

渗滤液回灌能有效加速填埋场的稳定并处理多余的渗滤液, 而预测回灌过程中渗滤液的运移规律对于合理设置回灌井的间距和数量具有重要的意义. 考虑了垃圾体的非均质性, 建立了垃圾体的渗透系数随空间正态分布变化的概率模型. 利用 COMSOL Multiphysics^® 软件, 首先对单孔隙度的横纵向均质模型和正态分布模型的 渗透系数以及压力水头进行了比较, 其次研究了在横纵向渗透系数比值、回灌速率和回灌时间等不同 影响因素下, 均质模型和正态分布模型的含水率以及横向影响范围的变化规律. 结果表明, 随着横纵向渗透系数比值的增加, 最终在 100 d 时: 均质模型的含水率由 0.609 增加到 0.68, 横向影响范围从4.842 m 增加到 6.79 m; 正态分布模型的含水率由 0.573 增加到 0.610, 横向影响范围从4.097 m 变为 4.04 m. 这说明横纵向渗透系数比值对正态分布模型的含水 率和渗滤液横向影响范围的影响明显高于均质模型. 而当回灌速率和回灌时间相同时, 正态分布模型渗滤液的渗流速度更快, 易于优先达到饱和含水率, 并在短暂的峰值后迅速下降, 且随着回灌速率和回灌时间的增加, 达到饱和含水率和峰值的时间也逐渐增加.