水平井分段压裂各段产能评价技术研究进展

为了更好掌握水平井分段压裂后各层段产能贡献情况,本文分析水平井分段压裂各段产能评价存在的问题,系统梳理现有的3种水平井分段压裂各段产能评价技术,并提出该技术未来的重点攻关方向。结论认为：①水平井分段压裂产能评价主要存在测试仪器输送困难和测试资料解释困难;②产出剖面测井技术的测试仪器因井身结构和井况使其适用性受限制,分布式光纤监测技术可实时连续监测压裂动态,但数据解释仍是最大的难题;示踪剂监测技术选取合适的示踪剂可弥补上述2种技术的不足;③下一步攻关方向应着重于各技术的测试工艺和数据解释。通过对水平井分段压裂各段产能评价技术综合剖析,可对现场测试提供技术参考和后续技术发展提供新视角。     

莱州湾凹陷沙三段低位域湖底扇沉积特征及水道构型

莱州湾凹陷沙三段低位域发育断裂斜坡背景下的湖底扇,具有明显地震反射外形,但湖底扇内部结构杂乱,砂体垂向叠置关系及平面富集位置在勘探及早期评价阶段难以预测,基于钻井、测井、分析化验及三维地震资料,依据湖底扇重力流水道流变学性质及流体浓度分类的原则,将湖底扇水道砂体成因搬运机制分为滑动、滑塌、碎屑流、浊流,其中碎屑流分为泥质碎屑流和砂质碎屑流,结合不同成因搬运机制的水道砂体地震反射特征,在湖底扇不同相带识别刻画5种沉积结构单元,分别是叠覆型水道、复合型水道、水道侧翼、单一型水道及水道间,并通过模型正演验证不同单元分类可靠性及富砂差异。结果表明,内扇叠覆型水道发育多期滑动-滑塌沉积,储层总体厚度大,中扇低部位复合型水道发育砂质碎屑流储层物性好,二者均为油气勘探实施钻探的有利部位,外扇储层发育程度较低。来自肯东凸起物源的高建设性辫状河三角洲为湖底扇提供大量砂质基础,坡折带与古地貌共同控制湖底扇沉积搬运机制和水道走向及水道类型。     

基于温湿廓线反演的风云三号D星微波探测仪云区资料同化试验

为了探究云区卫星微波资料的同化应用,利用中国风云三号D星(Fengyun-3D,FY-3D)微波温度计二型(microwave temperature sounder-2,MWTS2)和微波湿度计二型(microwave humidity sounder-2, MWHS2)资料,基于人工神经网络算法研制了云区温湿廓线反演模型,建立了云区资料的间接同化方案。于2019年6月开展晴空和云区同化试验,评估加入云区MWTS2和MWHS2资料对区域模式预报的影响。试验结果表明：MWTS2和MWHS2资料的同化对温湿度预报场有改善,主要体现在模式中高层均方根误差和平均偏差的减小,云区同化的改善幅度比晴空同化更大;同化MWTS2和MWHS2资料对于提高降水预报技巧有积极影响,云区同化对降水预报的改善主要体现在同化后的12～24 h,较晴空同化更明显。针对强降水个例分析表明,MWTS2和MWHS2资料对温度场、湿度场、水汽通量散度场的调整有利于降水预报的改善,而云区同化能够直接对天气系统的初始场进行调整,降水的位置与强度预报效果更好。     

增强型三线圈电磁斥力机构的运动特性分析

为进一步优化高压直流断路器的刚分速度和始动时间,改善电磁斥力机构的运动特性,本文提出增加电磁吸力作为驱动力的增强型三线圈电磁斥力机构,采用运动学、瞬态电磁场以及电路理论进行数学模型耦合分析,运用有限元分析软件建立二维模型,求解其运动特性,最后通过仿真试验进行验证。首先,本文分析了不同参数对其运动特性的影响,其次,分析了合闸线圈介入时刻对其运动特性的影响,最后,对比分析了增强型三线圈模型与双线圈模型的运动特性差异。结果表明：增加电容容值和电容电压可以缩短行程时间,提高刚分速度,且三个线圈中改变运动线圈驱动电路参数的优化效果最佳;适当增加线圈匝数和截面宽度可以增大电磁驱动力,缩短始动时间;从0时刻介入可以最大限度提高机构的运动速度;同参数条件下,三线圈模型可在2ms内完成25mm行程,对应的双线圈模型在2ms内只能完成16mm行程。     

基于合成孔径雷达干涉测量的高速铁路下伏老采空区稳定性监测分析

揭示老采空区现有变形规律是老采空区的稳定性分析的关键,而合成孔径雷达干涉测量(interferometric synthetic aperture radar,InSAR)技术对于广域地表变形监测有着传统测量技术无法比拟的优势.针对贵南高铁穿越大盘井采煤沉陷区的地表监测,采用最新的永久散射体对合成孔径雷达干涉测量(pe...     

旋转激励振动载荷对平面摩擦副的影响实验

振动可以减小摩擦,利用自制的旋转激励环境下摩擦力测试实验装置研究了旋转激励振动载荷的幅值和频率对不同材料平面摩擦副摩擦力的影响。实验表明:旋转激励振动载荷降低了平面摩擦副的摩擦系数。相同激振频率下,随着名义振幅的增大,摩擦系数不断减小,且二者呈现近似线性关系。相同名义振幅条件下,Q235A-Q235A平面摩擦副摩擦系数减小率最大,Q235A-花岗岩平面摩擦副摩擦系数减小率次之,Q235A-400目砂纸平面摩擦副摩擦系数减小率最小。相同名义振幅下,随着激振频率的增大,摩擦系数亦呈现减小的趋势;在激振频率为15 Hz以前,摩擦系数减小速率较快,当激振频率超过15Hz后,摩擦系数减小速率变慢。     

基于纠缠见证的路径纠缠微波检测方法

提出了一种基于纠缠见证的路径纠缠微波信号检测方法.路径纠缠微波是微波频段上的连续变量纠缠,介绍了利用微波压缩态和微波分束器制备路径纠缠微波的方法.根据部分转置正定判据以及2?2纠缠态密度矩阵的部分转置具有负本征值的性质,分别对常见的两种2?2纠缠进行了纠缠见证算符的构造,用于对两路信号是否为纠缠态进行判定.将连续变量纠缠的路径纠缠微波分解为大量2?2纠缠子系统叠加的纠缠态,证明其能够利用所构造的2?2纠缠见证算符来检测路径纠缠微波.同时分析了微波分束器的作用,并利用微波分束器设计了一种用于检测路径纠缠微波信号的实验方案,并在理论上分析了纠缠检测所得到的结果.结果表明,该方法能够有效检测路径纠缠微波信号,降低了检测的复杂度和计算量.本文的研究为纠缠微波的检测提供了思路.     

Tetra­aqua(2,2′‐bi­pyridine)­nickel(II) terephthalate

The reaction of nickel(II) nitrate with terephthalic acid and 2,2′‐bi­pyridine in di­methyl­form­amide solution gives the title complex, [Ni(C₁₀H₈N₂)(H₂O)₄](C₈H₄O₄). The Ni^II ion is octahedrally coordinated to one 2,2′‐bi­pyridine and four water mol­ecules and does not coordinate to the terephthalate anion. Hydro­gen bonds between the terephthalate anions and the [Ni(2,2′‐bipy)(H₂O)₄]²⁺ cations produce a two‐dimensional hydrogen‐bonding architecture with double sheets.     

Stacked-ring electrostatic ion guide

In 1969 Bahr, Gerlich, and Teloy introduced an rf device that consisted of a stack of ring electrodes, with charge sign alternation between neighboring rings, to store or transport ions. Here we propose to operate such a device with electrostatic potentials rather than rf potentials: ions that move axially along the center of the guide are thereby subjected to an oscillating electrical potential similar to the sinusoidal rf potential in familiar rf-only multipole ion guides. The oscillating potential of the stacked-ring static ion guide focuses ions by exerting a field gradient force on the ions so as to push ions toward the central axis where the field is weakest. The stacked-ring ion guide produces an effectively static “pseudopotential” that is much steeper at the edge (potential varies as e ^r) compared to a quadrupole or octupole guide (for which the potential varies as r ² or r ⁶, where r is radial position) and that is much flatter near the center of the guide (for potentially higher ion flux). Advantages of the new ion guide include static rather than rf potential, low electrical noise, a large field-free region near the central axis of the guide, and simple mechanical construction. A disadvantage of the stacked-ring ion guide is that high ion axial kinetic energy is required; ions with axial kinetic energy that is too low may be trapped in the shallow pseudopotential well between adjacent ring electrodes.     

Enhancement of the effective resolution of mass spectra of high-mass biomolecules by maximum entropy-based deconvolution to eliminate the isotopic natural abundance distribution

Although high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry can resolve individual isotopic masses for biomolecules of more than 100 ku, its effective mass accuracy is limited by the distribution of naturally occurring rare isotopes (¹³C, ¹⁵N, ¹⁸O, ³⁴S, etc.). In this article, we compare least-squares and maximum entropy methods for deconvolution of the isotopic natural abundance distribution to narrow the mass spectral isotopic abundance envelope for greatly enhanced effective mass resolution. We apply both methods to yield deconvolved high-resolution deuterium distributions for peptides and proteins subjected to H/D exchange prior to electrospray Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass analysis. In addition, we show that even unresolved isotopic envelopes from a quadrupole mass spectrometer can be narrowed for considerably improved resolution there as well.