油页岩层岩性特征及地应力与套损关系研究

在油田开发过程中,套管损坏的研究是一个重要问题。油页岩层是发生大面积套损的主要岩层。研究该岩层套损发生机理及影响因素显得尤为重要。通过开展油页岩层的岩性研究、岩体地应力方向研究,并应用测井解释成果确定套管损坏方位,指出了套损与地应力的关系并阐明了油页岩层的套管损坏机理。研究结果为油页岩部位套损井治理及预防提供了理论上的参考依据。     

Polytetrahydrofuran amphiphilic networks. I. Synthesis and characterization of polytetrahydrofuran acrylate ditelechelic and polyacrylamide‐l‐polytetrahydrofuran networks

A series of novel amphiphilic polyacrylamide‐l‐polytetrahydrofuran (PAm‐l‐PTHF) networks were prepared by the free‐radical copolymerization of hydrophobic ditelechelic polytetrahydrofuran acrylate (PTHFDA) with hydrophilic acrylamide. PTHFDA was synthesized by acrylation of the corresponding hydroxycapped PTHF with acrylic acid in cyclohexane. After acrylation, there was no significant difference in the molecular weights and molecular weight distributions between the original PTHF and the resulting PTHFDA. Network structures and compositions were characterized by elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and swelling data. The networks can swell both in organic solvents and in water, which indicates that they are amphiphilic. The swelling of the networks in different solvents is composition‐dependent. According to differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and swelling tests, the networks have a microphase‐separated and bicontinuous morphology. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 3812–3820, 2000     

基于悬臂梁结构的光纤光栅位移传感研究

本文提出了一种基于光纤光栅和悬臂梁结构的新型位移传感方案,并给出了实验结果。本传感系统结构简单,测量范围大(大于20mm),线性好(0.9991),抗电磁干扰,信噪比高,并可实现在线监测。     

The DC Conductive Property of KTiOPO4 Crystal along its Z-Axis

The anomalous DC electrical conductive property of the KTP crystal along its z-axis is reported in this paper. The DC conductivity strongly depends on the measuring voltage. No Ohmic regime exists in the current-voltage relation. Ionic polarization occurs under high DC stresses. Electrode reactions were also observed. The phenomena are related to the easy movement of ions along the z-axis of the KTP crystal.     

Application of the Lie algebraic approach to diffractionally and rotationally inelastic molecule–surface scattering

The Lie algebraic approach of Alhassid and Levine [Phys. Rev. A 18 , 89 (1978)] is applied to the molecule–surface scattering. Specially, the diffractionally and rotationally inelastic scattering of a diatomic molecule from a solid surface is dealt with. Within the framework of the close-coupling method, we construct a Hamiltonian for the scattering system and use it to generate a dynamical algebra h₆. By solving equations of motion for the group parameters, the scattering wave functions near the surface are obtained. Computed transition probabilities of diffractively and rotationally inelastic scattering of H₂ from LiF(001) surface with the use of Lie algebraic method are seen to agree well with the coupled-channel calculations. The Lie algebraic method thus appears to have a wide range of validity for describing the dynamics of gas–surface scattering. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 63: 981–989, 1997     

视觉诱发电位在人体视觉舒适性研究中的应用

建筑室内色温水平会影响人员的工作效率、视觉舒适性等。收集了不同色温水平下15名受试者的图像翻转视觉诱发电位(pattern reversal visual evoked potential, PRVEP)数据和主观调查投票数据,采用模糊熵分析方法对客观生理参数进行分析,并基于PRVEP模糊熵与主观调查之间存在的极强相关性和生理上反应的相似性建立二者的数理关系,以使用客观生理指标预测主观感受,更加准确地实现对人体主观视觉舒适度的预测。研究发现在不同色温下人体PRVEP模糊熵和刺激程度投票值都随着色温的增大而逐渐增大,而眼部疲顿度则呈现出先减小后增加的变化趋势。高色温的冷色调环境下人体PRVEP模糊熵和主观调查值最大,应对刺激时的生理反应最强烈,舒适性不佳。而在4 000 K左右的中性色温环境下PRVEP模糊熵和刺激程度会略微增加但眼部疲顿度会减小,更适宜的色温工作环境有助于提高舒适感和工作效率。     

钻孔灌注桩桩头静态破碎原理与裂纹发展机理

静态破碎技术近年来在混凝土构筑物的拆除中得到了广泛应用,将该技术应用于钻孔灌注桩桩头的破除是一种新的破除方案,可以避免粉尘和噪音污染。为了分析桩头静态破碎过程中的应力分布和裂纹发展规律,利用RFPA^2D软件建立了桩头裂纹发展数值计算模型,得到了一些重要结论。研究结果表明：静态破碎是一个持续发展过程,当膨胀压达到混凝土抗拉强度,裂纹开始产生,随着膨胀压的增大,在尖端应力的作用下,裂纹得以继续发展;当膨胀孔直径为40mm时,在灌注破碎剂大约7h后膨胀压达到20MPa,混凝土开始产生裂纹;膨胀孔裂纹大致呈两条或三条形式发展,一条伸向最小抵抗线方向,其余指向相邻膨胀孔;直径为600mm和800mm的桩头在应力场分布和裂纹发展模式上差异不大。     

基于非齐次泊松过程的共享停车场运营策略

为缓解因城市某些地区、某些时间段停车供需不平衡的问题,将居住区内空闲车位进行共享的解决方法已引起多方的关注。在居住区实施共享停车时,需考虑车位提供者与社会停车用户的时空冲突问题。本文首先基于实际停车行为数据,假设车位提供者返回过程呈非齐次泊松过程;其次,以居住区共享停车为运营场景,居住区停车场车位共享率和管理者收益最大化为目标,构建了相应的数学优化模型;最后,设计了粒子群求解算法,通过数值实验,分析该场景下的最优运营策略。结果表明：(1)社会停车用户的最大离开速率在其占车位总数的四分之一左右时,管理者总收益最大;(2)随着车位提供者车位返回速率突变时间的改变,要使得总收益及车位共享率最优,第一阶段变更共享策略时间设置在车位提供者返回速率突变时间前三十分钟内,第二阶段变更共享策略时间应设置在车位提供者返回速率突变时间后一小时五十分钟以内为宜。     

地源热泵岩土体初始温度确定方法的实例分析

埋设温度传感器与岩土热响应试验是获取地源热泵换热器设计参数—岩土体初始温度的常用方法,然而埋设温度传感器与岩土热响应试验往往受资金、时间、施工条件等的限制。本文以信阳南湖林语地源热泵系统工程为例,通过理论分析计算其岩土体初始温度,并与用岩土热响应试验与埋设温度传感器所测得的岩土体初始温度作对比分析,结果表明理论计算的结果与埋设温度传感器和岩土热响应试验所得成果相差不超过5%。