一种丙烯酰胺共聚物磷酸盐的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酸（AA）、丙烯酰胺（AM）、（1–二甲氨基–烯丙基）– 膦酸（DMAAPA）及N –烯丙基辛酰亚
胺（NAOI）为原料、亚硫酸氢钠–过硫酸铵为引发剂制备了一种水溶性四元共聚物AA/AM/DMAAPA/NAOI。
单因素实验确立了该共聚物的最佳合成条件：反应温度为45 ?C,引发剂加量为0.3%,pH 为7,
m（AM）：m（AA）：m（DMAAPA）：m（DMAAPA）= 6.000：4.000：0.015：0.030;通过红外光谱（IR）、核磁共振氢谱（1H
NMR）对该共聚物驱油剂的分子结构进行了表征,证明功能单体均已共聚在分子链上;2 000 mg/L 的该共聚物溶液在
120 ?C时的黏度保留率为28.9%,在1 000 s−1 时黏度保留率为18.7%,当NaCl 加量为1.2 g/L 时黏度保留率为22.2%;
室内模拟驱油实验结果表明,在65 ?C 下2 000 mg/L 的该共聚物溶液相对于水驱可提高采收率达到10.54%。     

Analytic calculation of magnetic force between two current-carrying coils

Current-carrying coils are basic elements in electromagnetic equipments, for example, in high field magnets from high temperature superconducting wires or tapes. In the assembly of these systems and their current-carrying operation, unavoidable mis-alignment and shift from the original position can be induced by disturbances such as the imbalance of magnetic force due to safety problems. For two current-carrying coils with non-coplanar axes, the analytic expression of the magnetic force between the two coils is presented according to the rule of Ampere circulation and the Biot-Savart law. Based on the expression, the dependence of the magnetic force on the size and the relative position of each other is further investigated, and the variation of the magnetic force is obtained with the above parameters.     

不同种类的氮肥对籽粒苋富集镉的影响

施肥对超富集植物的重金属累积效果产生影响,分析这种影响对于超富集植物的大田应用具有一定的意义。本文以籽粒苋为研究对象,根据土壤环境质量标准设置镉浓度梯度0、2.4、4.8、9.6mg/kg,再施以铵态氮和硝态氮两种肥料。研究结果表明：(1)各处理下,籽粒苋叶Cd含量最高,范围为1.45-27mg/kg;茎次之。范围为0.90-17.15mg/kg。肥料类型对籽粒苋Cd的累积量未产生显著影响,但肥料浓度对籽粒苋Cd的累积具有显著差异(F=12.993,p<0.01);当铵态氮肥施用浓度为0.115、0.460mg/kg时,籽粒苋茎、叶Cd含量最大,分别为17.15mg/kg、27.00mg/kg。(2)土壤Cd含量受Cd添加浓度的影响,但是氮肥施用浓度和Cd添加浓度对其具有显著的交互作用(F=3.382,P<0.01);(3)籽粒苋茎和叶对Cd的累积系数具有显著差异(F=19.679,p<0.01),Cd的处理浓度对籽粒苋地上部累计系数有显著影响(F=12.362,p<0.01)。综上表明,施用适量浓度的铵态氮肥有助于籽粒苋Cd的富集,可用于土壤Cd污染的修复。     

Formation of molecular ladder elements with macrocyclic platforms via linear bifunctional ligands

Reaction between 4-aminopyridine and a dinuclear zinc(II) component of a Robson macrocyclic ligand has resulted in the formation of a molecular ladder element motif. X-ray single crystal structural analysis indicates that two pyridine rings are assembled at the same direction of the macrocycle, which are placed in a nearly parallel way via pi-pi interactions, forming a concavity structure with a macrocyclic base. It is significantly noted that one hydrogen-bond cycle generated from hydrogen atoms of two amino groups with two perchlorate anions has sustained such an assembly of two 4-aminopyridine species to stand in a face to face pattern through a weak molecular interaction on the macrocyclic platform by one-end coordination bonding. The self-assembly of 4-carboxylic pyridine acid and the same macrocyclic component in the presence of sodium hydroxide has yielded an interesting wheel-like complex. Two macrocyclic dinuclear zinc(II) components have been linked through coordination bonding with two pyridine derivatives situated on the same direction of a macrocycle. X-ray structural results suggest that the compound has a unique sandwich-like structure consisting of two macrocyclic covers with two inversely positioned bridging pyridine carboxylic groups in the middle.     

渐开线圆柱齿轮修形量的可靠性计算

在渐开线圆柱齿轮传动的外载荷和齿轮精度一定的条件下，通过给定动载系数ＫＶ值，用可靠性方法确定齿轮的修形量，可达到基本控制齿轮传动的冲击动载，改善齿轮传动动态性能的目的。另外附有实例计算可供参考。     

Sharp polynomial estimates for the decay of correlations

We generalize a method developed by Sarig to obtain polynomial lower bounds for correlation functions for maps with a countable Markov partition. A consequence is that LS Young’s estimates on towers are always optimal. Moreover, we show that, for functions with zero average, the decay rate is better, gaining a factor 1/n. This implies a Central Limit Theorem in contexts where it was not expected, e.g.,x+Cx ^1+α with 1/2⩽α<1. The method is based on a general result on renewal sequences of operators, and gives an asymptotic estimate up to any precision of such operators.     

Photon echoes in an amplifying rare-earth-ion-doped crystal

We report what we believe is the first experimental demonstration of photon echoes in an amplifying rare-earth-ion-doped crystal. Population inversion is achieved by optical pumping, which yields high-power photon echoes, with an energy gain of as much as a factor of 5. Effects of the pump on the photon echo process highlight the advantages of an amplifying crystal. New questions concerning the optical dephasing mechanisms in Er3+:YSO have arisen.     

Wideband versatile radio-frequency spectrum analyzer

Operation of a wideband, versatile optical spectrum analyzer for radio-frequency (RF) signals is demonstrated. The device is based on spectral hole burning (SHB). The demonstration features 2.3-GHz instantaneous bandwidth, 500-kHz resolution, and a 32-dB dynamic range. A true RF signal, transferred to the optical carrier with the help of a Mach-Zehnder modulator, is analyzed with optical carrier suppression and zooming capabilities. This is to the authors' knowledge the largest instantaneous bandwidth ever demonstrated for a SHB-based processor in rare-earth-doped crystals.     

从原子分子体系出发建立热运动理论新体系

长期以来把研究热运动规律性的理论分割成热力学与统计物理两门课来讲，是不正确的。此文阐明从原子分子体系出发来研究热运动的规律，可使两者融合为一体，建立一个新的热运动理论体系。