Advances in the study of current-use non-PBDE brominated flame retardants and dechlorane plus in the environment and humans

The fate of the high production volume,currently in use,and not regulated non-polybrominated diphenyl ether(PBDE) flame retardants,such as tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA) ,hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD) and dechlorane plus(DP),and the alternative flame retardants of PBDE,such as BTBPE and DBDPE,in the environment has attracted increasing attention and aroused concern due to the increasing regulation and phasing-out of PBDEs.This paper reviews the distribution,bioaccumulation,human exposure and environmental beha...     

贵阳次生林土壤有机碳含量对土壤生物学活性的影响

 次生林是喀斯特森林生态系统的组成部分,未来的森林可能就是次生林。土壤有机碳（SOC）是土壤有机质的重要组成,其含量是土壤肥力的重要指标,对土壤生物学活性有重要影响。为了解次生林土壤有机碳对土壤生物学活性的影响,在贵阳市郊设置灌丛、女贞林、马尾松林3个样点,于2008年6月—2009年5月进行为期1a的采样,并与农田土壤进行对比分析。结果显示,灌丛SOC含量最高,基于SOC/g来看,其含C底物的利用率却最低,土壤生化过程弱,植物和微生物可利用的营养物质较少;女贞林N转化速率较快,林下具有反硝化能力的菌群的酶丰富,气态N流失严重;马尾松林基于每克SOC的土壤有机残体分解的速度快、强度高,微生物活性、土壤酶活性高,土壤生化过程强烈,气态氮流失率最低。总的来说,研究区域土壤SOC含量限制了微生物群落规模,对灌丛土壤酶活性影响较大,SOC含量也间接地影响了微生物体N转化速率和有机物的分解速率,但对反硝化作用的影响不显著;建议在土壤恢复初期优先让草或灌木生长,改善立地条件,之后再选择适宜的树种按照针阔混交模式植树造林。     

MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY OF PERMO-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY SECTION OF MEISHAN OF CHANGXING,ZHEJIANG

A hundred and eleven samples were collected from the Permian-Triassic boundarysection of Meishan (31.1°N, 119.7°E) which includes the Changxing Formation of thelate Permian and the Qinglong Formation of early Triassic. The thickness of the sectionis about 60 m. Paleomagnetic results indicate that six normal and reversed polarity zoneswere recorded in the section which all belong to the Illawarra mixed interval. Theboundary of Permo-Triassic lies at 1.2 m (or 2.7 m) above the bottom of normal polarityzone V. The magnetic minerals in the rocks of the lower part of the Changxing Forma-tion mainly are goethite, haematite and titaniferous magnetite while in the upper part ofthe formation are chiefly titanomagnetite and magnetite, goethite is secondary. Magne-tite and haematite as the main magnetic minerals were included in marl and mudstone ofthe Qinglong Formation. Based on the results of the magnetically stable samples thepaleopole position of 50.7°N, 230.3°E was obtained, meanwhile, the paleolatitude     

REDOX VARIATIONS OF THE ANCIENT OCEAN IN THE WESTERN MARGIN OF THE TARIM BASIN——THE EVIDENCE FROM Ce ANOMALIES OF MARINE SHELL FOSSILS

Two episodes of paleoredox fluctuation variation are indicated in some localities in thelate Cretaceous--early Tertiary ocean of western Tarim recorded by REE distribution patterns,Ce anomalies, and Th/U ratios from systematic studies on the chemical composition, withspecial reference to REE and 20 trace elements, based on 11 marine shell fossils occurringin the Upper Cretaceous--Lower Tertiary strata of the western Tarim Basin, Xinjiang. Thefactors Controlling the redox fluctuation may be probably caused by shifting places ofsurface runoff put into the sea as a result of transgression and regression.     

常温高压下水的拉曼谱峰标定压力的研究

 利用金刚石压腔测定了26 ℃高压下水的O—H伸缩振动拉曼谱峰的变化,并对其进行分峰处理,初步确定了水的拉曼拟合峰ν_{3 244}的峰位置与体系压力的关系,且论证了利用水的拉曼拟合峰ν_{3 244}的变化标定金刚石压腔压力的优点以及应用上的局限性。实验结果表明：26 ℃时,在实验的压力范围内,由水的拉曼谱峰拟合得到的ν_{3 244}峰位置随着体系压力的增加呈线性减小。其关系式为p (MPa)=32.9(ν_p)_{3 244}+200.7（3 215 cm^-1< ν_{3 244}<3 244 cm^-1）。     

蓬莪术挥发油提取技术的研究及其化学成分分析

采用超临界CO2流体萃取，索氏提取，水蒸汽蒸馏3种提取技术提取蓬莪术挥发油，并用GC－MS联用仪分析其化学成分，实验结果表明：超临界CO2流体萃取法在挥发油得率，有效抗肿瘤组分，工艺流程，有机溶剂残留，挥发油外观及香气等诸多方面均明显优于索氏提取法和水蒸汽蒸馏法，有较高的工业应用价值。     

EIGHT-POINT STRAIGHT-LINE-NET-DIAGRAMS OF BINARY SIX-PHASE (n+4) MULTISYSTEMS (Ⅰ)——DERIVATION FROM NINE-POINT CLOSED-NET-DIAGRAMS

The 9-point closed-net-diagrams of binary 6-phase multisystems contain 2 basic types ofnon-straight-line portions. Only the removal of an invariant point which is shared by all thenon-straight-line portions in a 9-point closed-net-diagram can generate an 8-point straight-line-net-diagram. All together 67 distinct 8-point straight-line-net-diagrams have been derived forbinary 6-phase multisystems. They correspondingly belong to 31 distinct 8-point straight-line-nets (namely, 31 distinct 8-point sets), showing that the previous conclusion that there existsonly one 8-point straight-line-net-diagram for binary 6-phase multisystems is incorrect.     

我国主要育珠贝（蚌）贝壳珍珠层及珍珠的激光拉曼光谱研究

本文对我国四种主要育珠贝（蚌）贝壳珍珠层拉曼光谱进行了系统研究,结果表明：1）大珠母贝贝壳珍珠层中未观察到有机质的任何拉曼峰;2）三角帆蚌及马氏珍珠贝贝珍珠贝贝珍珠层及其差殖珍珠的拉曼光谱中除由文石矿物引起的拉曼峰外,还可观察到明显的由全反式结构的类胡萝卜素引起的拉曼峰,根据其峰位推断分子中的C＝C双键的数目为10;3）企鹅珍珠贝贝壳珍珠层的拉曼光变中可观察到较复杂的有机质的拉曼峰,推测可能是由金属卟啉化合物引起的,但尚需进一步工作证实;4）珍珠层中类胡罗卡素及金属卟啉类化合物的相对浓度与珍珠层的颜色密切相关。贝壳珍珠层中有机质的拉曼光谱研究可为珍珠漂白及在食品、化妆品等领域的应用提供科学的依据。     

我国主要育珠贝(蚌)贝壳珍珠层及珍珠的激光拉曼光谱研究

本文对我国四种主要育珠贝(蚌)贝壳珍珠层拉曼光谱进行了系统研究,结果表明1)大珠母贝贝壳珍珠层中未观察到有机质的任何拉曼峰;2)三角帆蚌及马氏珍珠贝贝壳珍珠层及其养殖珍珠的拉曼光谱中除由文石矿物引起的拉曼峰外,还可观察到明显的由全反式结构的类胡罗卜素引起的拉曼峰,根据其峰位推断分子中的CC双键的数目为10;3)企鹅珍珠贝贝壳珍珠层的拉曼光谱中可观察到较复杂的有机质的拉曼峰,推测可能是由金属卟啉化合物引起的,但尚需进一步工作证实;4)珍珠层中类胡罗卜素及金属卟啉类化合物的相对浓度与珍珠层的颜色密切相关.贝壳珍珠层中有机质的拉曼光谱研究可为珍珠漂白及在食品、化妆品等领域的应用提供科学的依据.     

沉积有机质中藿烷成因研究碳稳定同位素证据

应用单烃碳稳定同位素分析（ＣＳＩＡ） 技术，研究南方泥炭等８ 个样品溶剂可抽提部分中的ββ藿烷化合物的成因联系－ 结果表明，ββ藿烷是细菌藿多醇特别是藿四醇在成岩作用极早期经细菌改造的产物－ 改造过程中，侧链的断裂会导致同位素分馏，通常会导致藿类环系相对富集１３Ｃ－