连接料反应釜温度模糊控制器的设计

针对现有反应釜的温度控制系统惯性大、时变随动，使整个生产过程的数学模型无法精确求出的问题；提出了采用模糊集合理论来设计此类太惯性温度控制系统的思路。并介绍了模糊控制器的结构及模糊控制规则的设计步骤。     

瓦韦属10种植物的气孔器类型及其系统学意义

对瓦韦属(Lepisorus)10种代表植物的叶表面结构进行了观察和研究,结果表明瓦韦属中不同植物的叶表皮细胞形状以及垂周壁式样几乎一致;运用表皮细胞长度、宽度、长度与宽度之比,气孔器长度、宽度、长度与宽度比以及气孔指数等变量进行的聚类统计表明,这些特征可以作为该属的一项重要特征,并且这些特征也能在一定程度上反映该属不同植物之间的亲缘关系,但是对瓦韦属植物属下划分意义不大;极细胞型在所研究的物种中均有大量分布.     

豹猫的数量及其对褐马鸡的危害

1988年-1990年的冬季,在山西庞泉沟国家级自然保护区对豹猫的数量及其危害褐马鸡的严重性进行了初步研究,查明豹猫主要分布于低山带、中山带和中高山带,分别各占种群数量总数的30.7％,42.1％和27.2％,指出其种群密度每百公顷遇见数为0.031头,对褐马鸡成、幼鸡的危害季节在5-7月;褐马鸡老弱病残者遭受豹猫危害在冬季降雪后甚为严重。     

Infrared study of the effect of hydration on the amide I band and aggregation properties of helical peptides

The amide I' band of a polypeptide is sensitive not only to its secondary structure content but also to its environment. In this study we show how degrees of hydration affect the underlying spectral features of the amide I' band of two alanine-based helical peptides. This is achieved by solubilizing these peptides in the water pool of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate reverse micelles with different water contents or w0 values. In agreement with several earlier studies, our results show that the amide I' band arising from a group of dehydrated helical amides is centered at approximately 1650 cm-1, whereas hydration shifts this frequency toward lower wavenumbers. More importantly, temperature-dependent infrared studies further show that these helical peptides undergo a thermally induced conformational transition in reverse micelles of low w0 values (e.g., w0=6), resulting in soluble peptide aggregates rich in antiparallel beta-sheets. Interestingly, however, increasing w0 or water content leads to an increase in the onset temperature at which such beta-aggregates begin to form. Therefore, these results provide strong evidence suggesting that dehydration facilitates aggregate formation and that removal of water imposes a free energy barrier to peptide association and aggregation, a feature that has been suggested in recent simulation studies focusing on the mechanism of beta-amyloid formation.     

Experimental demonstration of wakefield acceleration in a tunable dielectric loaded accelerating structure

We report on a collinear wakefield experiment using the first tunable dielectric loaded accelerating structure. By introducing an extra layer of nonlinear ferroelectric, which has a dielectric constant sensitive to temperature and dc bias, the frequency of a dielectric loaded accelerating structure can be tuned. During the experiment, the energy of a witness bunch at a fixed delay with respect to the drive beam was measured while the temperature of the structure was scanned over a 50?°C range. The energy change corresponded to a change of more than half of the nominal structure wavelength.     

Silver carbonate nanoparticles stabilised over alumina nanoneedles exhibiting potent antibacterial properties

A simple method of preparing Ag(2)CO(3) nanoparticles utilising high area gamma-alumina nanoneedles has been developed; these are promising antimicrobial agents against diverse bacterial strains.     

Chlorine-induced assembly of a cationic coordination cage with a μ5-carbonato-bridged Mn(II)24 core

Chlorine caged in! The chlorine-induced assembly of six shuttlecock-like tetranuclear Mn(II) building blocks generated in situ based on p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene and facial anions gave rise to a novel truncated distorted octahedral cationic coordination cage with a μ(5)-carbonato-bridged Mn(II)(24) core.     

Divalent cation-induced cluster formation by polyphosphoinositides in model membranes

Polyphosphoinositides (PPIs) and in particular phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate (PI4,5P2), control many cellular events and bind with variable levels of specificity to hundreds of intracellular proteins in vitro. The much more restricted targeting of proteins to PPIs in cell membranes is thought to result in part from the formation of spatially distinct PIP2 pools, but the mechanisms that cause formation and maintenance of PIP2 clusters are still under debate. The hypothesis that PIP2 forms submicrometer-sized clusters in the membrane by electrostatic interactions with intracellular divalent cations is tested here using lipid monolayer and bilayer model membranes. Competitive binding between Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) to PIP2 is quantified by surface pressure measurements and analyzed by a Langmuir competitive adsorption model. The physical chemical differences among three PIP2 isomers are also investigated. Addition of Ca(2+) but not Mg(2+), Zn(2+), or polyamines to PIP2-containing monolayers induces surface pressure drops coincident with the formation of PIP2 clusters visualized by fluorescence, atomic force, and electron microscopy. Studies of bilayer membranes using steady-state probe-partitioning fluorescence resonance energy transfer (SP-FRET) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) also reveal divalent metal ion (Me(2+))-induced cluster formation or diffusion retardation, which follows the trend: Ca(2+) ? Mg(2+) > Zn(2+), and polyamines have minimal effects. These results suggest that divalent metal ions have substantial effects on PIP2 lateral organization at physiological concentrations, and local fluxes in their cytoplasmic levels can contribute to regulating protein-PIP2 interactions.     

A digital image-based method for determining of total acidity in red wines using acid-base titration without indicator

This work proposes the use of digital image-based method for determination of total acidity in red wines by means of acid-base titration without using an external indicator or any pre-treatment of the sample. Digital images present the colour of the emergent radiation which is complementary to the radiation absorbed by anthocyanines present in wines. Anthocyanines change colour depending on the pH of the medium, and from the variation of colour in the images obtained during titration, the end point can be localized with accuracy and precision. RGB-based values were employed to build titration curves, and end points were localized by second derivative curves. The official method recommends potentiometric titration with a NaOH standard solution, and sample dilution until the pH reaches 8.2-8.4. In order to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method, titrations of ten red wines were carried out. Results were compared with the reference method, and no statistically significant difference was observed between the results by applying the paired t-test at the 95% confidence level. The proposed method yielded more precise results than the official method. This is due to the trivariate nature of the measurements (RGB), associated with digital images.