Recent advances in single atom catalysts for the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂RR) offers a promising solution to mitigate carbon emission and at the same time generate valuable carbonaceous chemicals/fuels. Single atom catalysts (SACs) are encouraging to catalyze the electrochemical CO₂RR due to the tunable electronic structure of the central metal atoms, which can regulate the adsorption energy of reactants and reaction intermediates. Moreover, SACs form a bridge between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, providing an ideal platform to explore the reaction mechanism of electrochemical reactions. In this review, we first discuss the strategies for promoting the CO₂RR performance, including suppression of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), generation of C₁ products and formation of C₂₊ products. Then, we summarize the recent developments in regulating the structure of SACs toward the CO₂RR based on the above aspects. Finally, several issues regarding the development of SACs for the CO₂RR are raised and possible solutions are provided.

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂RR) offers a promising solution to mitigate carbon emission and at the same time generate valuable carbonaceous chemicals/fuels.     

Reactivity of monolayer-protected gold nanoclusters at dye-sensitized liquid/liquid interfaces

Hexanethiolate monolayer-protected gold nanoclusters (MPCs) were used as redox quenchers at the polarizable water/1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface. Photocurrent responses originating from the heterogeneous quenching of photoexcited water soluble porphyrin complexes by MPCs dissolved in the DCE phase were observed. As MPCs can function as both electron acceptors and donors, the photocurrent results from the superposition of two simultaneous processes, which correspond to the oxidation and reduction of MPCs. The magnitude of the net photocurrent is essentially determined by the balance of the kinetics of these two processes, which can be controlled by tuning the Galvani potential difference between the two phases. We show that, within the available potential window, the apparent electron-transfer rate constants follow classical Butler-Volmer dependence on the applied potential difference.     

平面药包的最佳间距

在矿山剥离、场地平整以及建(构)筑物基坑开挖等露天爆破中,为了充分利用炸药能量将岩石松动或抛掷到一定区域,并确保底板满足一定平整度要求,按照爆破技术设计和工程质量要求,需要设计平面布药结构.本文通过在施工现场进行的大量小型模拟实验,对平面药包间、排距与爆破漏斗的开口面积、可见深度、爆岩的抛掷距离和堆积形态等关系进行了系统分析与研究.实验结果表明,当平面药包间、排距满足一定范围时,爆破漏斗的可见深度较小,而开口面积和抛掷距离最大,爆堆形态较好.平面布药结构存在一个有利于抛掷堆积的最佳间、排距.     

退火条件对LDPE空间电荷特性的影响研究

使用冷却速率不同的3种退火方法制备了不同微观形态的LDPE薄膜,对薄膜试品进行了显微观测,并运用傅立叶红外分析对3种试品的结晶度进行了比较,同时使用PEA空间电荷测量技术对不同电场下这3种试品的空间电荷分布进行了观测,并基于结晶度和微观形态对LDPE空间电荷特性做了讨论.研究结果表明施加电场撤压后,高速冷却试品比低速冷却试品和正常冷却试品积聚更多的空间电荷,而随着撤压时间的增加,低速冷却试品中积聚的空间电荷衰减得最快.     

β-SiC非线性导电特性影响因素及机理的研究

研究了-βSiC非线性导电特性的影响因素及其机理,提出了利用-βSiC作为电机线棒防电晕材料的新方法.在-βSiC微粉合成的过程中,向其中掺杂V、Al等非4价金属,与-βSiC形成固溶体,可有效地改变β-SiC的非线性导电特性;-βSiC微粉表面吸附的Fe、Al、Mg、Ca、Ti、V等金属杂质,随其含量的提高,-βSiC电阻率下降;随表面胶态SiO2含量提高,-βSiC微粉电阻率提高,非线性系数增大;随晶体中x(C)/x(Si)的增大,-βSiC微粉电阻率降低,非线性系数减小.随着-βSiC微粉表面SiO2含量的增加,其防电晕涂层表面电阻率Sρ和起晕电压随之提高,最高可达55 kV,-βSiC完全可单独用作电机线棒的防电晕材料.     

化学法制备微米铜粉的研究

在NH3-NH4Cl体系中,以NH3为配合剂,利用铜自身的还原作用,通过岐化反应制备微米级铜粉,其中一定比例的铜粉粒度接近纳米级,在空气中相当稳定.NH3的浓度及pH值的控制对反应有重要影响,最佳反应条件是:反应温度为40℃,pH为11.4,NH 4的浓度为0.1mol·L-1,NH3的浓度为12.5mol·L-1;硫酸的浓度和酸化的时间影响产物的粒度,硫酸的质量分数为20%,加酸流速为4mL/min时,产物粒度最小.     

三电平逆变器中点电位平衡电路的设计与仿真

多电平逆变器在中高压大功率场合得到了广泛的研究和应用 .二极管中点箝位三电平逆变器是一种简单实用的多电平逆变器 ,但是三电平逆变器直流侧中点电位偏移问题影响着逆变器及其电机调速系统的可靠性 .为此提出了一种用于三电平逆变器中点电位平衡的硬件电路 ,详细介绍了其工作原理以及参数设定 ,并用Matlab/Simulink仿真工具对系统进行了研究 ,给出了较好的仿真结果 .     

用叠加谱比法研究四川地区Lg尾波Q值的区域性变化

 运用单台叠加谱比法,分析了成都台网4个台站的29个地震记录的垂直分量,反演得出与各射线路径相对应的Lg尾波的Q₀值.结果表明:Q₀值的分布特征与构造活动性密切相关.在构造活动剧烈的龙门山断裂、鲜水河断裂和安宁河断裂,尤其是在这三大断裂的交汇处,Q₀值呈现出相当低的值,约在150～210的范围内.在四川盆地的大部分地区,随着构造活动的减弱,Q₀值有所抬升,约为240～270.在四川盆地的东部,Q₀值可达300.在离开断裂区的四川北部,Q₀值在250～300的范围内变化.     

Planck粒子、磁单极子和亚夸克超对称伴子的相互关联

 用亚规范理论和焦-官亚夸克模型、Nambu模型,唯象地算出亚夸克的质量,发现亚夸克的超对称伴子质量与宇宙大爆炸后磁单极子的质量相等,经强作用修正后,所得结果与Plarck粒子质量仅差一个量级,现时粒子的超对称伴子大质量标度将从m_T≈175 GeV一举延伸到m_pl≈1.22×10¹⁹GeV广大空白区,深化了对宇宙早期物理规律的认识.     

DCS的接地分析

文章对分散型计算机控制系统几种不同的接地方式作了详细分析，并对在系统接地装置安装过程中出现的技术问题及注意事项提出了相应处理措施及说明。