铁矿石还原过程速率探讨

本文定义了还原反应速率的计算式。依据矿石失重实验数据可计算反应速率的大小及其变化关系，可分析矿石还原过程速率的限制性环节及矿石的还原性。     

用电量抄录微机硬件电路设计研究

介绍了用电量抄录微机硬件电路的研究与设计。该机可实现收集零散数据并将数据自动输入计算机中的功能，且具有体积小、重量轻、耗电量少和携带使用方便的特点     

应力场与渗流场相互作用下裂隙岩体水流运动的数值模拟

研究岩块相对不透水情况下大尺度裂隙中渗流运动的规律及其计算，推导了各种不同流态时计算渗流的公式，阐述了裂隙开度和应力的关系，介绍了考虑应力影响时的计算方法，算例表明了应力状态对渗流计算的显著影响。     

永磁同步电机宽速域无位置传感器控制

基于采用改进型模型参考自适应法及脉振高频电压信号注入法对电机转子转速和位置进行辨识的原理与性能的分析,提出了一种宽速域内适用的无位置传感器复合控制法。通过滞环加权切换法实现了2种方法的平滑切换,克服了改进型模型参考自适应法在零速与低速时误差大,以及脉振高频电压注入法在高速时有稳态位置误差的缺点。经实验验证,复合控制法能在宽速域内准确地辨识出转子的转速与位置,系统动态响应快,鲁棒性好,对于宽速域内永磁同步电机无位置传感器研究具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

Evaluating the reliability of spectral variables selected by subsampling methods

It is imperfect to evaluate a subsampling variable selection method using only its prediction performance. To further assess the reliability of subsampling variable selection methods, dummy noise variables of different amplitudes were augmented to the original spectral data, and the false variable selection number was recorded. The reliabilities of three subsampling variable selection methods including Monte Carlo uninformative variable elimination (MC‐UVE), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), and stability CARS (SCARS) were evaluated using this dummy noise strategy. The evaluation results indicated that both CARS and SCARS produced more parsimonious variable sets, but the reliabilities of their final variable sets were weaker than those of MC‐UVE. On the contrary, only marginal improvement on the prediction performance was obtained using MC‐UVE. Further experiments showed that removing white noise‐like variables beforehand would improve the reliability of variables extracted by CARS and SCARS. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于环糊精本征识别能力的手性色谱介质点击制备及应用

目前环糊精（CD）手性固定相（CSP）的研究大多集中于对CD或桥联臂进行功能衍生引入更多作用位点以提升手性拆分能力,鲜有能够反映天然CD本征识别能力的CSP的研究报道,该文通过"巯基-烯"点击化学反应合成了结构明确可控的单（6-巯基-6-去氧）-β -环糊精手性固定相（CSP1）,其最大限度地保留了天然CD的本征结构,且桥联臂无识别作用位点,固体核磁共振（¹³ C SSNMR）和红外光谱（FTIR）的表征结果证明了CSP1的成功制备,元素分析结果表明,与双键功能化硅胶相比,CSP1的C、H、N的百分含量均得到了提高,计算得出CSP1的表面CD固载量为0.82 μmol/m²。采用高效液相色谱反相模式对50多种手性对映体包括异（口恶）唑啉、手性交酯、手性酮、黄烷酮以及丹磺酰氨基酸等进行了手性拆分,充分考察了天然CD的本征手性识别能力,结果表明CD的本征识别能力比较有利于异（口恶）唑啉类样品中含有两个疏水苯环基团Ph-Ph类样品的分离,对于其他几类样品仅利于部分样品的分离。同时与前期制备的功能三唑桥联CD-CSP及咪唑嗡桥联CD-CSP在同一色谱条件下进行了结果比对,结果证明样品的分离过程除了与手性介质的结构有关外,还与样品分子的结构有很大关系,对桥联臂进行功能改性可提升对部分对映体的选择性,但同时会小幅损失CD的本征手性识别能力。对于环糊精本征识别能力易于分离的样品,在设计手性介质时,其桥联臂不需要任何官能团,这为CD固定相结构的设计提供了有益参考。     

科技查新中专利检索式的构建

专利文献的检索是科技查新的重要内容,而检索式的构建是专利文献检索的基础。从确定关键词、确定国际专利分类号（IPC）、组织检索式几个方面,配以示例,详细分析了构建专利检索式的简便方法,为科技查新人员和专利检索人员提供参考。     

Molecular simulation of swelling and interlayer structure for organoclay in supercritical CO(2)

In this work, Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out to investigate the swelling stability and interlayer structures of alkylammonium-modified montmorillonite both in vacuum and in supercritical CO(2) (scCO(2)) fluid. In the vacuum (dry) condition, the stable spacing for this kind of organoclay was determined based on the energy minimum. In the stable spacing, the corresponding interlayer structure of dry organoclay is the monolayer arrangement with the intercalated surfactant chains lying parallel to the silicate surface. In scCO(2) fluid medium, the normal pressures within the organoclay gallery and the swelling free energy have been obtained from Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulation. The mechanically and thermodynamically stable spacings of the organoclay have been determined. As compared with the case in vacuum, the simulation shows that the swelling of the organoclay is thermodynamically favorable in the environment of scCO(2) fluid. The interlayer structure and conformation have been used to analyze the mechanism of swelling. The headgroups of surfactant cations are distributed close to the clay surfaces. The presence of CO(2) molecules within the clay gallery can cause a specific steric arrangement of the long-chain alkylammonium cations.     

Water strider-inspired design of a water walking robot using superhydrophobic Al surface

Abstract

Aquatic microrobots, which can walk freely on water mimicking water striders, have attracted considerable interest among scientists in biomimetic area. Most of previous water strider robots adopted gear pairs as their driving mechanism, which called for high assembly precision and thereby increased the processing difficulty. Here, a novel and simple method using servos as the driving module to prepare water walking robot was proposed. We fabricated this robot by using supporting and actuating legs with excellent superhydrophobicity. Our robot weighted 27.9?g, but could float and run quickly driven by mini-type servos under remote Bluetooth control in mobile terminal. The legs were obtained on Al substrates by chemical etching, boiling-water immersion and low surface energy modification. Then, surface morphology and chemical compositions were subsequently investigated by SEM, EDS and XRD. In order to better illustrate the floating and rowing mechanism of this robot on the water surface, mechanics analysis models were proposed to analyze the lifting force and resistance force, respectively. Due to its excellent floating capacity and rowing ability, the biomimetic robot has promising application potential in water quality monitoring, aquatic exploration, and other surveillance missions.     

SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZED OF NANODIAMONDS

1. INTRODUCTION Generally, the nanoparticles are comprised of metals, metal oxides, semiconductor materials, and polymer. The nanoparticles have highly interesting optical, electronic, and catalytic properties, and they exhibit wide application in the fi…