东辽河辽源段非点源污染估算与变化规律分析

控制非点源污染排放成为东辽河辽源段水污染治理的重要环节。本文采用枯水期日均污染负荷对径流分割法进行了修正,将其应用于东辽河辽源段非点源COD和氨氮负荷的估算,并运用Pearson相关系数分析非点源污染负荷与当地降水量之间的相关性。研究表明,东辽河辽源段非点源污染具有年际变化大、年内分布不均的特点,非点源COD占比约为50-65%,非点源氨氮占比约为30-50%,该河段非点源污染严重;东辽河非点源污染年内月际分布不均、月际变化大,COD主要集中在7、8月,主要由夏季大量降水引起;氨氮则有3月和7月两次高峰,主要是由于污染物随春季融雪入河和夏季汛期与水冲刷共同导致;非点源污染与降水量具有较强的相关性。     

岩石风化程度对土岩双元基坑变形的影响

土岩双元基坑是指开挖深度范围内,上部为土层,下部为岩层的基坑。由于下部岩层的力学性质与土层差异较大,因此传统纯土体的一元结构基坑相关理论与经验对该类基坑的适用性较差。本文利用FLAC3D有限差分软件,建立不同岩石风化程度的土岩组合基坑计算模型,研究不同岩石风化情况下土岩双元基坑的变形规律,并用连续-离散耦合模型模拟土+破碎岩石基坑失稳过程。结果表明：若岩层完整,最大水平位移出现在土层中,岩层中水平位移很小;若岩层为破碎状,最大水平位移有可能出现在岩层中;岩层中的粘土夹层也可能是基坑最大变形出现的部位;破碎岩石内部的破坏是同土层同步发育的,最终二者一起发生整体滑移破坏。了解基坑的变形规律,有助于针对性地采取加固措施,对破坏区域的细观研究为基坑支护设计提供了依据。     

格宾网加筋煤矸石路堤稳定性及其强化措施

煤矸石是煤炭开采加工等工业过程中形成的煤炭矿渣,由于其工业价值低而被作为废弃物。考虑到煤矸石矿区公路路基填料缺乏和遵循变废为宝的环保理念,某高速公路建设工程采用了煤矸石填筑路基,并采用了格宾网加筋土结构形式,然而,有关格宾网加筋煤矸石路基的工作性能方面的研究匮乏。为此,以该高速公路建设为依托,通过现场试验研究格宾网加筋煤矸石路堤的力学与变形特性;在此基础上,建立相应的三维数值模型,进一步分析格宾网加筋煤矸石路堤的稳定性及其加固强化措施。结果表明：在退台式格宾网箱墙面的卸荷作用和格宾网网兜效应共同作用下,墙面附近的竖向土压力较低;格宾网加筋挡墙是一种柔性结构,其墙后侧向土压力小于静止土压力;提出了在坡脚下方埋设格宾网箱的加固强化措施,该措施可通过改变坡脚下方土体的力学与变形状态以及潜在滑裂面的形状,来增大路堤的抗滑力,进而提高格宾网加筋路堤的稳定性。     

基于Recurdyn的移动机器人倾覆性分析

针对履带式移动机械臂在运动过程中可能存在倾覆性的问题,以自制的履带式移动机械臂为研究对象,从动力学的角度研究机械臂的运动对移动平台攀爬楼梯过程中的影响,提出了一种机械臂主动改变位姿以维持系统稳定性的算法。首先,采用牛顿-欧拉法建立机械臂动力学方程,通过Solidworks三维软件辨识机械臂各连杆的惯性参数集,得到完整的机械臂动力学方程;其次,对移动平台进行受力分析,采用轮胎倾覆力矩(tire overturning moment, TOM)法衡量移动机械臂的倾覆裕度,判断系统的倾覆可能性;最后,采用Recurdyn仿真软件进行履带式移动机械臂攀爬楼梯仿真实验,仿真实验结果表明：移动平台在攀爬楼梯过程中,其TOM值逐渐增大,系统趋于不稳定状态;当机械臂改变位姿以维持系统平衡时,移动平台的TOM值逐渐减小,系统趋于稳定状态。可见,所提算法可以用来判断移动机械臂系统的倾覆可能性,同时机械臂可以主动改变位姿维持系统的稳定性,为移动机械臂运动稳定性状态的维持提供了有效的手段。     

目标跟踪中飞机无坡度转弯操纵方法研究

飞机无坡度转弯技术在目标跟踪中具有重要地位。给出了飞机带坡度转弯时的操纵方法和转弯性能计算公式。根据带坡度转弯特点,分析了无坡度转弯的特点,提出了无坡度转弯操纵方法。最后给出了无坡度转弯时主要性能指标简化计算公式。建立了飞机无坡度转弯时飞机动力学模型,给出了无坡度转弯时初步控制算法。基于某飞机气动模型,对无坡度转弯操纵方式及性能进行了仿真验证,给出了提高转弯性能的建议方法。     

ps级脉冲光纤放大器和压缩器

 对掺镱双包层脉冲光纤放大器进行实验研究。当用入纤功率为1.9 W的半导体激光器激光泵浦0.5 m长的双包层掺镱光纤时,把平均功率为7 mW、重复频率25.4 MHz的激光放大到505 mW,相应的单脉冲能量为19.8 nJ,经过光栅对压缩后,得到2.7 ps的脉冲激光。     

One-Pot Facile Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles Supported on rGO with Enhanced Catalytic Performance for 4-Nitrophenol Reduction

In this study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-supported noble metal (gold, silver, and platinum) nanoparticle catalysts were prepared via the one-pot facile co-reduction technique. Various measurement techniques were used to investigate the structures and properties of the catalysts. The relative intensity ratios of I_D/I_G in rGO/Au, rGO/Ag, rGO/Pt, and GO were 1.106, 1.078, 1.047, and 0.863, respectively. The results showed the formation of rGO and that noble metal nanoparticles were decorated on rGO. Furthermore, the catalytic activities of the designed nanocomposites were investigated via 4-nitrophenol. The catalysts were used in 4-nitrophenol reduction. The catalytic performance of the catalysts was evaluated using the apparent rate constant k values. The k value of rGO/Au was 0.618 min⁻¹, which was higher than those of rGO/Ag (0.55 min⁻¹) and rGO/Pt (0.038 min⁻¹). The result proved that the rGO/Au catalyst exhibited a higher catalytic performance than the rGO/Ag catalyst and the rGO/Pt catalyst. The results provide a facile method for the synthesis of rGO-supported nanomaterials in catalysis.     

Practical Security Analysis of Self-Referenced CV-QKD System in the Presence of Polarization Aberration

How to remove local oscillator (LO) side channel attacks has been a notoriously hard problem in continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD). In the self-referenced CV-QKD schemes, the LO signal is locally generated at the receiver by an independent laser so that it is not co-transmitted with the quantum signal. This simple solution removes all LO side channels. However it also introduces some other practical vulnerabilities. Especially the polarization states of the quantum signal and LO signal may not be identical across the detector because of the presence of the polarization aberrations. Thus, the detection efficiency which is arguably the most critical experiment parameter of the practical implementation will be impaired. In this paper, we analyze the impact of polarization aberrations on the detection efficiency for CV-QKD and propose a self-referenced CV-QKD scheme in the presence of polarization aberrations by using an off-axis optical system. In the proposed scheme, the polarization states of the quantum signal would change with the off-axis optical system, thus impairing the heterodyne efficiency. Our security analysis shows a gap between the theory and practice of CV-QKD.

     

Temperature-electric field hysteresis loop of multicaloric effects in PbZr0.8Ti0.2O3 thin films

The Multicaloric effect in the PbZr_0.8Ti_0.2O₃ thin films is investigated with the application of sine wave electric field, dc electric field and stress using a phase field method combined with the thermodynamic analysis. The simulation results show that the adiabatic temperature change-electric field curve presents a shape of butterfly in the presence of the sine wave electric field. In order to detect the effect of the sine wave electric field, the multicaloric effect and the domain structures under the direct electric field and the sine wave electric field are compared. It is found that the domain switching behaviors are quite different under the different applied electric fields. And the negative multicaloric effect in the PbZr_0.8Ti_0.2O₃ thin film is attribute to the domain switching under the external field.