傅里叶变换近红外光谱法测定榨菜酱油成分

基于傅里叶变换近红外光谱技术,通过主成分分析(PCA),可较好地区分不同品牌的榨菜酱油样本.利用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立了测定榨菜酱油成分的定量分析模型,校正集样本中总酸、氨基酸态氮和食盐的分析模型决定系数(R2)分别为98.44,98.74和98.48,交叉验证均方差(RMSECV)分别为0.001 3,0.008 44和0.355.预测集样本中总酸、氨基酸态氮和食盐的外部验证决定系数(R2)分别为96.04,95.90,96.27,预测集标准偏差(RMSEP)分别为0.017 4,0.012 9,0.48.实验结果具有较高的预测精度,可以用于测定榨菜酱油主要成分的质量浓度.     

茅台酒用有机高粱产量和品质与原料基地气象条件的关系

应用2008年分布在茅台酒原料基地,海拔370～1 301m地段209个农户栽培的有机高粱产量和品质资料,采用气候曲面技术(ANUSPLI)方法得到各地段的温度、降水量和日照数据,并对各地段有机高粱产量和品质及原产地气象条件进行了相关分析.结果表明:气温日较差对高粱产量、单宁质量分数有显著影响;降水量对高粱产量、单宁和淀粉质量分数有显著性影响;日照时数对高粱产量、单宁和淀粉质量分数有显著影响;其中气温、降水量和日照对高粱单宁质量分数的影响都为显著负相关.气象条件对高粱蛋白质质量分数无明显影响.该文依据相关分析结果建立了气候区划指标,并做出了优质酒用有机高粱栽培基地的气候区划,其优质有机高粱栽培基地最适宜区在赤水河流域中段的贵州省仁怀市北部、西部和西南部地区,适宜区在仁怀市东部和南部地区.     

金佛山4种植物群落下表土炭屑特征初步分析

通过对比分析金佛山4种植被下表土炭屑形态和大小,揭示出森林群落与草本群落表土炭屑存在着较明显的差异.从炭屑形态上来区分:亚高山草甸表土中炭屑较薄,大部分为长方形或长条形,且其纵向边缘平直,横向断口一端相对平直,另一端较参差;森林群落下表土炭屑都较厚,多为近圆形或矩形,边缘参差不齐.炭屑大小上主要表现为:森林群落表土炭屑较小,平均L/W值为1.56±0.05,且L/W值大于3的炭屑不超过10%;亚高山草甸群落表土炭屑L/W值为1.77±0.10,且仍有超过10%的炭屑L/W值大于3.     

宽端接圆柱杆的复合指数形变幅杆的设计

利用替代法得到了复合指数形变幅杆的频率方程,在此基础上解算出谐振长度、放大系数等重要参数,并借助于ANSYS软件对复合变幅杆进行模态分析.结果表明该方法对复合形变幅杆的设计是可行的,也显示了ANSYS在变幅杆设计中的重要性.这给其他复合变幅杆的设计提供了参考.     

不同耕作模式下稻田生态系统对田面水中无机态氮的消纳

稻田生态系统可以有效减少流入水体的农业面源污染物.本文通过模拟试验,研究了不同施肥时间(常规施肥时间和在此基础上提前一个半月施肥)以及在不同耕作模式(垄作、平作)下稻田生态系统对田面水中无机态氮的消纳效果.结果表明:稻田生态系统能够有效降低田面水中无机态氮、全磷的含量.与灌水第1d相比,灌水14d后,所有稻田田面水中NH4+-N浓度平均下降84.3%,灌水21d后,所有稻田田面水中NO3--N浓度平均下降64.6%,TP浓度下降58.0%;提前施肥条件下稻田生态系统对田面水中无机态氮具有更好的吸附、消纳效果,灌水后的第1d,所有稻田田面水中NH4+-N浓度均出现最高值,其中,常规时间施肥和提前施肥NH4+-N质量体积浓度分别为2.52和1.28mg/L,灌水后的第3d,常规时间施肥稻田田面水中NO3--N质量体积浓度上升至最大值5.92mg/L,而此时提前施肥稻田约为3.65mg/L;不同耕作模式对无机态氮消纳的影响差异不显著.     

菊花中总黄酮的提取工艺比较

为优化超声波法和酶解法提取菊花总黄酮的工艺,并比较其工艺条件,选择因素水平,采用L9(34)正交设计优化提取工艺,以芦丁为对照品,用紫外分光光度计分析其提取率.结果表明,酶解法最佳工艺条件为:25倍70%的乙醇溶液,酶添加量0.5%,于45℃水浴下酶解150min,得率为5.60%;超声波法最佳工艺条件为:10倍70%的乙醇溶液超声40min,提取3次,得率为4.61%.酶解法的得率比超声波法的高21.5%.     

试论职前英语教师的专业发展——同伴录像在免费师范生教育实习中的有效应用

为创新实践教学、提高实习实效,在免费师范生教育实习中开展基于社会建构主义、多模态话语分析理论的同伴录像.通过构建基于同伴录像的教育实习体系,在集体备课→导师教案指导→上课与同伴录像→录像回放→刺激回忆与导师、同伴讨论→个体反思→教学新设计→教学新行动等循环往复的过程中,提升实习生的课堂教学自信与专业发展意识,发展与他人合作交流的能力,提高教学技能与反思能力,促进了职前英语教师的专业发展.     

Isolation and Purification of Unstable Iridoid Glucosides from Traditional Chinese Medicine by Preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Solid-phase Extraction

An efficient preparative method was successfully developed for isolation and purification of unstable components from medicinal plant extracts, using a combined method of preparative high performance liquid chro-matography(HPLC) and solid-phase extraction(SPE). The aim of this study was to obtain an effective method with high preparative efficiency and importantly to avoid the transformation of unstable compounds. The preparative HPLC system was based on an LC/MS controlled four-channel autopurification sys...     

First-principles calculation of core-level binding energy shift in surface chemical processes

Combined with third generation synchrotron radiation light sources, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with higher energy resolution, brilliance, enhanced surface sensitivity and photoemission cross section in real time found extensive applications in solid-gas interface chemistry. This paper reports the calculation of the core-level binding energy shifts (CLS) using the first-principles density functional theory. The interplay between the CLS calculations and XPS measurements to uncover the structures,...     

Synthesis,crystal structure and characterization of a 2-D network organic-inorganic hybrid polymer with α-BW_(12)O_(40) ~(5-) as building blocks

A two-dimensional network compound [Ce(DMF)4(H2O)][α-BW12O40]·H2O·(HDMA)2 (HDMA = protoned dimethylamine, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) was synthesized from α-H5BW12O40·nH2O, Ce(NO3)3·6H2O and DMF and characterized by IR, UV spectra and TG-DTA. The result of the X-ray single crystal diffraction indicates that the crystal is monoclinic, space group P21/n, with unit cell dimensional: a = 1.1983(3), b = 2.4216(5), c = 1.9517(4) nm, β = 92.91(3)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.07710, wR2 = 0.1416. Structural analysis indicates that every [Ce(DMF)4(H2O)]3 building block is surrounded by three adjacent [α-BW12O40]5- polyanions, meanwhile, every [α-BW12O40]5- polyanion interconnects with three neighboring [Ce(DMF)4(H2O)]3 subunits, by making use of which two-dimensional network structure can be constructed. The result of thermogravimetric analysis manifests that the title compound has two-stage weight loss and the decomposition temperature of the title polyanionic framework is 560℃ . The electrochemical analysis shows the title polyanion has three-step redox processes in the pH = 4―7 media.