Synthesis of micron-sized hollow silica spheres with a novel mesoporous shell of MCF

Micron-sized hollow silica spheres whose shells are made up of mesocellular silica foams(MCFs) have been synthesized by one-pot sol-gel method in benzene/water/P123 emulsion.The material is characterized with SEM,TEM,BET and ~(29)Si MAS NMR. The results show that the MCFs of the unique shell of hollow silica spheres were connected by large windows with a narrow distribution of～10 nm in diameter,the inner space of the hollow sphere is accessible.And the formation mechanism of the hollow silica spheres is ...     

Efficient and practical synthesis of (R)-2-methylpyrrolidine

An efficient, practical, and high yielding synthesis of (R)-2-methylpyrrolidine is described. The sequence allows for the scalable preparation of the target compound in just four synthetic steps and proceeds in 83% overall yield and >99% optical purity from readily available starting materials.     

基于布朗指数平滑模型的长江航运发展态势

为促进长江航运发展,更加合理有效利用长江资源,采用布朗线性指数平滑法对长江航运发展态势进行分析,认为长江未来货物运输量将呈现增长态势.依据相关理论,在借鉴成功案例基础上,提出管理策略.     

电场调控下合金凝固过程枝晶形貌演变同步辐射原位成像

由于金属合金的不透明性, 研究者们无法实时捕捉到金属合金凝固过程中枝晶生长的动态行为, 也无法直接观察到电流对枝晶生长行为的动态调控过程. 采用同步辐射X 射线成像技术, 实时观察到了电流对枝晶生长形貌演变的动态调控过程. 成像结果表明, 直流电流能够显著抑制枝晶生长, 并促使枝晶尖端变平,随着电流增加, 枝晶尖端发生分裂现象, 这归因于枝晶尖端的电流拥挤以及溶质富集. 脉冲电流能够显著细化枝晶臂间距并影响其凝固进程, 主要原因是周期性的脉冲电流对液固界面产生了循环的热冲击和振荡扰动所致.     

辐射-导热耦合换热边界元算法

本文提出了一种求解辐射-导热耦合换热问题的边界单元算法(BEM),该方法将两种传热方式通过辐射热源耦合起来.首先,采用BEM对辐射传热方程、辐射热源方程和含有辐射热源的热传导方程进行离散;其次,利用辐射传热方程消除辐射热源方程中的辐射热流项;然后,根据Stefan-Boltzmann定律形成含有温度四次方以及热流密度表示的非线性代数方程组.出现在所有积分方程中的域积分由径向积分法转换成边界积分,形成了对于参与性介质问题也只需在边界上划分单元的纯边界元算法.最后,用Newton-Raphson迭代法对方程组进行求解.提供的数值算例将表明本文所介绍方法的正确性与有效性.     

吡啶-BH~3相互作用复合物的理论研究

对吡啶-BH~3复合物分别用MP2/6-31+G^*和B3LYP/6-31+G^*进行理论计算以预测该复合物的构型及解离能，得到四种构型，在MP2优化构型基础上作CCSD/6-31+G^*单点能量计算以验证MP2与B3LYP结果的可靠性，然后用B3LYP作振动频率分析，计算了各构型的垂直电离势，最后用更大基组作单点能量计算和自然键轨道(NBO)分析。结果表明，N-B直接相连的构型最稳定，其解离能为141.50kJ/mol,MP2和B3LYP对N-H接近的构型结果相关较大，另外两种构型稳定性介于二者之间，解离能分别为15.18kJ/mol,14.06kJ/mol(MP2/6-31+G^*)。     

沸石和SAPO分子筛催化卤代甲烷转化制烯烃和汽油:一种新的MTO和MTG路线(英文)

Rational and efficient conversion of methane to more useful higher hydrocarbons is one of the most important topics of natural gas utilization.Although methane activation and its conversion to valuable compounds attract an increasing attention,methane conversion is often made in indirect way through the very energy-consuming step for syngas production from steam reforming of methane.Some promising results appeared to be of significance for the development of an alternative and potential route for the production of high value-added products from methane.Efficient conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons could be realized via methyl halide as the intermediate.After the production of halomethane,they could be transformed to gasoline and light olefins over modified zeolites and SAPO molecular sieves.High conversion efficiency and selectivity indicated the feasibility of industrial application.The research gained recently growing interest from the point of view in both fundamental research and industrial application.The study on the reaction mechanism shed light on the possible route of C-C bond construction from methyl halide,which is the very important issue of the C1-reactant conversion to higher hydrocarbons.Hydrogen halide generation during methyl halide conversion did not exert apparent impact on the reaction mechanism and the structure stability of the catalysts.This review deals with the evolution of the field and comments the advantages to be explored and the drawbacks to be prevented for the development of new and sustainable methane-to-olefins(MTO) and methane-to-gasoline(MTG) routes via methyl halides.     

Transfection using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in the inner ear via an intact round window membrane in chinchilla

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAT) are known to have excellent biocompatibility, and have attracted increasing attention as new candidates of non-viral vectors for gene therapy. In our previous studies, nHAT carrying a therapeutic gene and a reporter gene were successfully transfected into the spiral ganglion neurons in the inner ear of guinea pigs in vivo as well as in the cultured cell lines, although the transfection efficiencies were never higher than 30%. In this study, the surface modification of nHAT with polyethylenimine (PEI) was made (PEI–nHAT, diameter = 73.09 ± 27.32 nm) and a recombinant plasmid carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) gene was constructed as pEGFPC2–NT3. The PEI modified nHAT and the recombinant plasmid was then connected to form the nHAT-based vector–gene complex (PEI–nHAT–pEGFPC2–NT3). This complex was then placed onto the intact round window membranes of the chinchillas for inner ear transfection. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was tested to evaluate auditory function. Green fluorescence of EGFP was observed using confocal microscopy 48 h after administering vector–gene complexes. There was no significant threshold shift in tone burst-evoked ABR at any tested frequency. Abundant, condensed green fluorescence was found in dark cells on both sides of the crista and around the macula of the utricle. Scattered EGFP signals were also detected in vestibular hair cells, some Schwann cells in the cochlear spiral ganglion region, some outer pillar cells in the organ of Corti, and a few cells in the stria vascularis. The density of green fluorescence-marked cells was obviously higher in the vestibular dark cell area than in other areas of the inner ear, suggesting that vestibular dark cells may have the ability to actively engulf the nHAT-based vector–gene complexes. Considering the high transfection efficiency in the vestibular system, PEI–nHAT may be a potential vector for gene therapy of inner ear diseases, especially vestibular disorders, and deserves further study.     

国际重要检索系统2008年收录中国期刊盘点

根据有关国际重要检索机构在2008年发来的电子邮件及其附件,在国际重要检索系统查询检索,2008年7个国家22种检索系统共收录中国期刊2 134种,其中,大陆期刊数1 921种;台湾期刊数152种:香港期刊数60种;澳门期刊数1种.本文分别介绍了国际上24种检索系统收录中国期刊的情况.鉴于中国科学技术迅猛发展,2009年中国期刊被国际检索系统收录的数量,预计将有更大的增长.     

Hydrogen Permeation Properties of Perovskite-type BaCe_(0.9)Mn_(0.1)O_(3-δ)Dense Ceramic Membrane

In recent years, mixed-conducting oxides, in which both protonic and electronic charge carriers exist, have received increasing attentions1. Ceramic membranes made of such materials are semipermeable to hydrogen at elevated temperatures. In the early 1980s, Iwahara et al. first reported protonic conduction in SrCeO3-based materials2. Later, BaCeO3 system was extensively studied because of its higher conductivities. However, the electronic conductivity of rare earth doped-BaCeO3 ceramic…