Surface of Ru/Fe2O3 catalysts used in water-gas shift reaction studied by auger electron spectrometry

Summary Carbon deposits on the surface ofRu/Fe₂O₃ catalysts used in the water-gas shift reaction have been investigated by Auger Electron Spectrometry. A correlation has been found between the thickness of the carbon deposit and the catalytic activity in WGSR. The carbon deposit covers the metallic active centers and blocks their contact with reagents. The dotting of the iron oxide support with sodium has been found to reduce the amount of carbon deposit. .      

New Develoopment of the Basic Theory of Extenics

In this paper,the new development of three basic theories of Extenics,incluing basic-element theory,extension set theory and extension logic theory ,has been introduced.And the new theoretical frame of Extenics has also been set forth.     

Research on Tracing Evaluation System in Virtual Enterprise Based on Neural Network

The tracing evaluation index system was designed to be used in virtual enterprise and established neural network trace evaluation model. As a result, it was more simple and nicer than the traditional method, so it had wider application foreground.     

各向同性介质与单轴晶体界面上e光波法线的折射

根据光的电矢量满足的边条件，对各向同性介质与单轴晶体界面上e光波法线的折射进行了具体的讨论，得到了确定e光波法线在单轴晶体中传播方向的公式，并对几种特殊情况进行了具体讨论。指出了由所得结果可以确定e光光线的行进方向。     

数学难以理解的逻辑透视

对数学教学内容的逻辑结构、逻辑规则和方法以及数学语言进行逻辑透视，探讨数学难以理解的客观因素及对策．     

Temperature effects on surface activity and application in oxidation of toluene derivatives of CTAB-SDS with KMnO4

The γ_cmc values of CTAB-SDS decrease from 63.67 mN/m at 10‡C to 36.38 mN/m at 90‡C, slightly lower than those of either CTAB or SDS. Correspondingly, the CMC of CTAB-SDS decreases almost by half. The increase of surface activity of CTAB-SDS can be attributed to the relatively weak electrostatic interaction at high temperature, which is supported by the increase of solubility of CTAB-SDS with rise in temperature. Catalytic effect on oxidation of toluene derivatives with potassium permanganate follows the order CTAB-SDS > SDS > CTAB. This is not caused by the dissociative effect of CTAB-SDS with low surface activity at low temperature, as seen from the fact that almost all oxidative products can be retrieved for different toluene derivatives and surfactants by mimicking the conditions of reaction. In the emulsifications of toluene derivatives at 90‡C, the time that turbid water layers of surfactant solutions take to become clear is the same as that of the catalytic effect on oxidation of toluene derivatives. Thus, it can be inferred that surfactants can improve the oxidation yields of toluene derivatives by increasing the contact between two reacting phases.     

An Efficient Selective Oxidation of Alcohols with Potassium Permanganate Adsorbed on Aluminum Silicate under Solvent-free Conditions and Shaking

A new procedure for the selective oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones with potassium permanganate supported on aluminum silicate at room temperature under solvent-free conditions and shaking is reported.     

区域经济发展不平衡对义务教育投入的影响

地区经济发展不平衡是我国的一个基本国情，上世纪90年代义务教育投资总量和人均教育经费投入水平在我国三大地带呈现巨大差距，其成因是多方面的，要改变这种状态，必须建立规范的政府间基础教育财政支付制度，对政府管理基础教育的层级进行调整，建立农村义务教育教师工资保障机制。     

新课程标准下初中化学教师应建立的教育理念

结合化学学科的特点,从课程观、学生观、学习观、教学观和评价观5个方面对新课程标准下初中化学教师应具有的教育理念进行了探讨,希望能对教师教育理念的转变有所帮助.     

Environmental Friendly Route and Wool Shrink Proofing

The shrink proofing on wool with treatment of protease named Argaenzyme STL was studied. The various pretreating auxiliaries, different parameters for protease treating process and the effect of stabilizer were discussed in detail. The varieties of some properties before and after protease treatment were also investigated.