论网络安全之字符威胁

随着计算机技术的不断发展，计算机网络已经成为信息时代的重要特征。网络是计算机技术和通信技术的产物，网络是否能经受住考验，其安全性是关键，而其中由字符引发的信息安全问题往往是最危险的，也是最难以防范的。     

重庆市北碚区入侵植物现状及防治对策研究

在野外调查、标本采集鉴定的基础上,结合文献资料,初步分析了重庆市北碚区外来入侵植物的种类组成、分布状况、原产地、危害程度,并且提出防治对策与建议.结果表明:北碚区有45种入侵植物,隶属于20科,其中菊科种类最多,有11种;原产地为美洲的种类最多,有29种;草本最多,有37种;空心莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides、小白酒草Conyza canadensis和落葵薯Anredera cordifolia危害程度最为严重;其中歇马镇有入侵植物种数33种,危害程度最为严重.     

粘塑性损伤模型模拟准超塑性单轴拉伸行为

发展了Chaboche粘塑性本构模型的大变形隐式算法，用损伤(DM)和无损伤(NDM)模型模拟准超塑性单轴拉伸。发现变形过程可分为三个阶段：均匀变形、颈缩发展、断裂破坏阶段。DM可准确模拟前两个阶段变形，NDM只能较好地模拟均匀变形阶段，表明DM可以较精确地描述稳定发展的动态过程。由于有限元方法只能描述连续介质，因此对于断裂破坏阶段，NDM模拟载荷大于试验结果，DM的载荷小于试验结果，这是由高应变速率敏感性造成。DM能够描述试验中出现地多处颈缩现象，局部应变速率分布随时间演化反映了颈缩发展程度。严重颈缩部位的距离代表着超塑性变形能力，距离越大，抗颈缩能力越好。     

Crystal Structure and Thermodynamic Study of Ephedrine Hydrochloride C10H16NOCI（s）

The crystal structure of ephedrine hydrochloride was determined by means of X-ray crystallography.The crystal system of the compound is monoclinic,and the space group is P21.Unit cell parameters are a=0.7308(6) nm,b=0.6124(5) nm,and c=1.2618(11) nm;α=90°,β=102°,and γ=90°;Z=2.Low-temperature heat capacities of the title compound were measured with an improved precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over a temperature range from 77 K to 396 K.A polynomial equation of the heat capacities as a function of temperature in the temperature region was fitted by the least-squares.Based on the fitted polynomial equation,the smoothed heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of the compound relative to the standard reference temperature 298.15 K were calculated and tabulated at the intervals of 5 K.     

Tracking bacterial infection of macrophages using a novel red-emission pH sensor

The relationship between bacteria and host phagocytic cells is key to the induction of immunity. To visualize and monitor bacterial infection, we developed a novel bacterial membrane permeable pH sensor for the noninvasive monitoring of bacterial entry into murine macrophages. The pH sensor was constructed using 2-dicyanomethylene-3-cyano-4,5,5-trimethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran (TCF) as an electron-withdrawing group and aniline as an electron-donating group. A piperazine moiety was used as the pH-sensitive group. Because of the strong electron-donating and -withdrawing units conjugated in the sensing moiety M, the fluorophore emitted in the red spectral window, away from the autofluorescence regions of the bacteria. Following the engulfment of sensor-labeled bacteria by macrophages and their subsequent merger with host lysosomes, the resulting low-pH environment enhances the fluorescence intensity of the pH sensors inside the bacteria. Time-lapse analysis of the fluorescent intensity suggested significant heterogeneity of bacterial uptake among macrophages. In addition, qRT-PCR analysis of the bacterial 16 S rRNA gene expression within single macrophage cells suggested that the 16 S rRNA of the bacteria was still intact 120 min after they had been engulfed by macrophages. A toxicity assay showed that the pH sensor has no cytotoxicity towards either E. coli or murine macrophages. The sensor shows good repeatability, a long lifetime, and a fast response to pH changes, and can be used for a variety of bacteria.     

Photoelectrochemical biosensor for detection of adenosine triphosphate in the extracts of cancer cells

A photoelectrochemical sensing strategy for highly sensitive detection of small molecules was developed based on the recognition interaction between aptamer and target molecule-ATP.     

Determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples by solid-phase extraction using multi-walled carbon nanotubes as adsorbent coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

A solid-phase extraction (SPE) using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as adsorbent coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method was developed for the determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental water samples. Several condition parameters, such as extraction adsorbents, elution solvents and volumes, and sample loading flow rate and volume were optimized to obtain high SPE recoveries and extraction efficiency. 150 mg MWCNTs as sorbent presented high extraction efficiency of 16 PAHs due to the large specific surface area and high adsorption capacity of MWCNTs compared with the commercial C18 column (250 mg/2 mL). The calibration curves of 16 PAHs extracted were linear in the range of 20–5000 ng L⁻¹, with the correlation coefficients (r²) between 0.9848 and 0.9991. The method attained good precisions (relative standard deviation, RSD) from 1.2% to 12.1% for standard PAHs aqueous solutions; method recoveries ranged in 76.0–125.5%, 74.5–127.0%, and 70.0–122.0% for real spiked samples from river water, tap water and seawater, respectively. Limits of detection (LODs, S/N = 3) of the method were determined from 2.0 to 8.5 ng L⁻¹. The optimized method was successfully applied to the determination of 16 PAHs in real environmental water samples.     

Omni-directional mirror for visible light based on one-dimensional photonic crystal

The omni-directional reflection characteristics of one-dimensional photonic crystals composed of Ta 2 O 5 /MgF 2 multi-quantum well (MQW) are studied using the transfer matrix method. An omni-directional reflector consisting of three and four Ta 2 O 5 /MgF 2 MQWs is investigated. Results show that the photonic band gap of the photonic crystal composed of three and four Ta 2 O 5 /MgF 2 MQWs, which are within the wavelength ranges of 402–712 and 412–1,023 nm, respectively, could cover the entire visible region. The relationship among the width of the band gap, its location, reflectivity rate, and incident angle of the incident light is analyzed. The optimal structural parameters of the MQW of the omni-directional reflector in the visible region are also calculated. The calculations provide a guide for the design of omni-directional reflection devices in the visible region.