The role of variable surface charge and surface complexation in the adsorption of humic acid on magnetite

The ionic strength dependence of humic acid (HA) adsorption on magnetite (Fe₃O₄) was investigated at pH 5, 8 and 9, where variable charged magnetite is positive, neutral and negative, respectively. The adsorption studies revealed that HA has high affinity to magnetite surface especially at lower pH, where interacting partners have opposite charges. However, in spite of electrostatic repulsion at pH 9 notable amounts of humate are adsorbed. Increasing ionic strength enhances HA adsorption at each pH due to charge screening. The dominant interaction is probably a ligand-exchange reaction, nevertheless the Coulombic contribution to the organic matter accumulation on oxide surface is also significant under acidic condition. The results from size exclusion chromatography demonstrate that the smaller size HA fractions enriched with functional groups are adsorbed preferentially on the surface of magnetite at pH 8 in dilute NaCl solution.     

Reflection spectroscopy in microstructured light scattering materials

Summary A theoretical model is derived that describes the influence of lateral light diffusion in a scattering medium on the absorptivity of an absorber spot on top of the substrate. The model uses the lateral resolved reflectivity under point irradiation that has been analyzed experimentally with a scanning-micro-laser-reflectometer. The model allows quantification of the absorptivity by one single equation that contains only the mean radial diffusion length of light and the spot area. Experiment and theory are applied to typical substrates for thin layer chromatography (alumina, silica, cellulose). The diffusion lengths in these substrates are given and the absorptivities of the spots are calculated as a function of the spot area.     

审视秘书活动主体行为美的内涵

秘书人员的行为美表现为工作主体的朴实性、规范性、和谐性、创造性 ,其中创造性是秘书行为美的最高层次 ,是秘书工作本质力量的体现     

Enhancement effect of iron addition for the decomposition of organic mercury as studied by continuous flow analysis with cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometric detection

Summary A continuous flow analysis is described for the determination of total mercury by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Organic mercury compounds such as methylmercury(II) chloride, ethylmercury(II) chloride and phenylmercury(II) chloride were decomposed by potassium peroxodisulphate with addition of ferric chloride as catalytic reagent. The reducing reagent used was tin(II) chloride in sodium hydroxide solution. With 1,000 mg Fe/l added in the decomposition process, we found that methylmercury(II) chloride and ethylmercury(II) chloride gave response signals similar to those of mercury(II) chloride. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of total mercury in waste water. Permanent address: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia     

PURE STATE APPROACH TO $C(X)×_\alpha Z_n$

ＰＵＲＥ ＳＴＡＴＥ ＡＰＰＲＯＡＣＨ ＴＯ Ｃ（ｘ）_αＺ_nＬＩＢＩＮＧＲＥＮ；ＬＩＮＱＩＮＧ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ，ＡｃａｄｅｍｉａＳｉｎｉｃａ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００８０，Ｃｈｉｎａ．Ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｄｂｙｔｈ?..     

Analysis of Antennas with PBG Substrate

The use of photonic materials has been used in the theory of optical waves. The PBG (Photonic Band Gap) theory and material, was developed recently for optical frequencies and can be easily applied to millimeter waves, microwaves and planar antenna frequencies. The presence of photonic materials as substrate in antennas has some good characteristics such as, supression of light spontaneous emission and suppression of surface waves, allowing the application in planar antenna array. In this work an elaborate analysis using the full wave Transverse Transmission Line - TTL method, that provides efficient and concise results is applied to the planar antennas array with PBG substrate.     

Foams and surface rheological properties of β-casein, gliadin and glycinin

Interfacial rheological properties and their suitability for foam production and stability of two vegetable proteins were studied and compared to β-casein. Proteins used ranged from flexible to rigid/globular in the order of β-casein, gliadin and soy glycinin. Experiments were performed at pH 6.7. Network forming properties were characterised by the surface dilational modulus (determined with the ring trough) and the critical falling film length (L_still) at which a stagnant protein film will break. Gliadin had the highest dilational modulus, followed by glycinin and β-casein, whereas glycinin formed the strongest film against fracture in the overflowing cylinder. The rate of decrease in the surface tension was studied at the air–water (Wilhelmy plate method) and the oil–water interface (bursting membrane) and the dynamic surface tension during compression and expansion in the caterpillar. Gliadin had the lowest equilibrium interfacial tensions and β-casein the lowest dynamic surface tension during expansion. Hardly any foam could be formed at a concentration of 0.1 g/l by shaking. At a concentration of 1.4 g/l most foam was formed by β-casein, followed by gliadin and glycinin. It seems that in the first place the rate of adsorption is important for foam formation. For the vegetable proteins, adsorption was slow. This resulted in lower foamability, especially for glycinin.