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871.
872.
Tiyaporn Luangpipat Isabel R. Beattie Yusuf Chisti Richard G. Haverkamp 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2011,13(12):6439-6445
An efficient biological route to production of gold nanoparticles which allows the nanoparticles to be easily recovered remains
elusive. Live cells of the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris were incubated with a solution of gold chloride and harvested by centrifugation. Nanoparticles inside intact cells were identified
by transmission electron microscopy and confirmed to be metallic gold by synchrotron based X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray
absorption spectroscopy. These intracellular gold nanoparticles were 40–60 nm in diameter. At a concentration of 1.4% Au in
the alga, a better than 97% recovery of the gold from solution was achieved. A maximum of 4.2% Au in the alga was obtained.
Exposure of C. vulgaris to solutions containing dissolved salts of palladium, ruthenium, and rhodium also resulted in the production of the corresponding
nanoparticles within the cells. These were surmised to be also metallic, but were produced at a much lower intracellular concentration
than achieved with gold. Iridium was apparently toxic to the alga. No nanoparticles were observed using platinum solutions.
C. vulgaris provides a possible route to large scale production of gold nanoparticles. 相似文献
873.
874.
875.
Michael J. James Prof. Peter O'Brien Prof. Richard J. K. Taylor Dr. William P. Unsworth 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(9):2856-2881
This Review provides an in‐depth account of the synthesis of spirocyclic indolenines. Over the last 77 years, a wide array of diverse synthetic methods has been developed in order to generate these synthetically useful and biologically important spirocyclic scaffolds. The main synthetic strategies discussed are grouped into three main categories, namely interrupted Fischer indolisations, dearomatisation reactions of indoles and condensation reactions. The historical background, common synthetic challenges, current state‐of‐the‐art and future perspectives of this field are examined. 相似文献
876.
877.
Dimitrios A. Lamprou James R. Smith Thomas G. Nevell Eugen Barbu Corinne Stone Colin R. Willis Richard J. Ewen John Tsibouklis 《Surface science》2010,604(5-6):541-547
Self-assembled structures of alkanethiols that have been deposited on gold from ethanolic solutions are susceptible to both chemical and physical changes: ethanol provides a medium for the formation of S-alkyl hydrogen thiocarbonates and related compounds via reaction with dissolved, atmospheric, CO2. Deposition from ethanolic solutions results in multilayered structures incorporating these compounds, which at room temperature are susceptible to time-dependent structural rearrangement and molecular migration. 相似文献
878.
Matthew J. Hamer Jonathan A.D. Wattis Richard S. Graham 《ournal of non Newtonian Fluid Mechanics》2010,165(19-20):1294-1301
We present an analytically derived model for flow induced crystallization (FIC), based upon the recent Graham–Olmsted simulation. We use combinatorial techniques to calculate nucleation energy landscapes, which correctly predict simulation data. Applying both the analytic calculation and the simulation, we put forward a simple expression relating nucleation rate to polymer chain stretch. We also investigate bimodal blends, an important step to understanding polydisperse systems and eventually modeling industrial polymer melts. 相似文献
879.
880.
This note provides a short historical perspective on our paper “SPECTRA—a model for K-shell spectroscopy” [1] (JQSRT 1984;32:91-101). 相似文献