The methodology of quantitative assess economic output of climate change

A method is introduced in this paper to study the effect of future climatic change on the economy. The researchers determine the economic output of climate change from historical data, and provide a method to quantitatively predict economic output of climate change by an economic-climatic model. A historical reciprocating examination is used to analyze output data for various crops in eight agricultural areas in China and meteorological data from 160 observatories in China from 1980 to 2000. The results show that the methods used are reasonable to a certain extent and good in application.     

甘肃省降水量时空分布特征浅析

对甘肃省11个代表性站点1951～2005年降水量系列的分析,发现甘肃省降水量变化呈现出明显的带状分布,且降水量变化具有显著的地域性和时间性。利用距平及累积距平法对甘肃省降水量进行分析,发现在近50年中西北地区降水量较小,但有逐渐增加的趋势,增加幅度较小;南部地区降水量丰富,但有逐渐减小的趋势,降幅较为明显;中部黄土高原地区降水量基本持续在一个相对稳定的水平,且降水量枯、丰水年具有明显的周期变化特征。在甘肃省内部进行局部的南水北调,将对减缓甘肃省北部的用水压力产生很大的作用,使水资源利用更加完善。     

五阶势MKdV方程的一个不变性

§1Introduction Asweknow,Backlundtransformation[1-3]isaverypowerfulwayforfindingnonline evolutionequations.Inrecentdecades,Painlevéanalysis[4]hasbecomeaverypopu methodtoobtainBacklundtransformation.Inreference[5],fordevelopingthetheory Painlevéanalysis,AndrewPickeringintroduceanewexpansionvariableZwhichsatisf thefollowingRicattiSystem:Zx=1-AZ-BZ2,Zt=-C+(AC+Cx)Z-(D-BC)Z2.(1.Astheapplicationofthenewexpansionvaraible,thepotentialfifth-orderMKd equation(PMKdV5)-vxt+(vxxxxx-10k2v2…     

Single-atom Fe Embedded Co3S4 for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Constructing atomically dispersed active sites with densely exposed and dispersed double metal-S_x catalytic sites for favorable OER catalytic activity remains rare and challenging. Herein, we design and construct a Fe₁S_x@Co₃S₄ electrocatalyst with Fe single atoms epitaxially confined in Co₃S₄ nanosheets for catalyzing the sluggish alkaline oxygen evolution reaction(OER). Consequently, in ultralow concentration alkaline solutions(0.1 mol/L KOH), such a catalyst is highly active and robust for OER with low overpotentials of 300 and 333 mV at current densities of 10 and 30 mA/cm², respectively, accompanying long-term stability without significant degradation even for 350 h. In addition, Fe₁S_x@Co₃S₄ shows a turnover frequency(TOF) value of 0.18 s⁻¹, nearly three times that of Co₃S₄(0.07 s⁻¹), suggesting the higher atomic utilization of Fe single atoms. Mössbauer and in-situ Raman spectra confirm that the OER activity of Fe₁S_x@Co₃S₄ origins from a thin catalytic layer of Co(Fe)OOH that interacts with trace-level Fe species in the electrolyte, creating dynamically stable active sites. Combined with experimental characterizations, it suggests that the most active S-coordinated dual-metal site configurations are 2S-bridged (Fe-Co)S₄, in which Co-S and Fe-S moieties are shared with two S atoms, which can strongly regulate the adsorption energy of reaction intermediates, accelerating the OER reaction kinetics.     

First-Principle Calculations of the Adsorption, Dissociation and Diffusion of Hydrogen on the Mg(0001) Surface

First-principle pseudopotential plane wave calculations and the Nudged Elastic Band method based on density functional theory (DFT) have been used in this article to study the dissociation of molecular hydrogen on a Mg(0001) surface and the subsequent diffusion of atomic hydrogen into the magnesium substrate. First, the dissociation pathway of H2 and the relative barrier were investigated. It was shown that physical adsorption rather than chemisorption of molecular hydrogen was observed in the calculation of the dissociation process of molecular hydrogen. Also, the diffusion process of atomic hydrogen on Mg(0001) was presented. The surface effect, which affected the diffusion of hydrogen obviously, was observed. Finally, comparing the values of the activation energies for the steps of dissociation, diffusion, and desorption, our calculation further showed that the dissociation of H2 and the desorption of hydride were the rate-limiting steps.     

Wavelet-Based Method for Time-Domain Noise Analysis and Reduction in a Frequency-Scan Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer

We adopt an orthogonal wavelet packet decomposition (OWPD) filtering approach to cancel harmonic interference noises arising from an AC power source in time domain and remove the resulting rf voltage interference noise from the mass spectra acquired by using a charge detection frequency-scan quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. With the use of a phase lock resampling technique, the transform coefficients of the rf interference in signals become a constant, exhibiting a shift of the baseline in different rf phases. The rf interference is therefore removable by shifting the baselines back to zero in OWPD coefficients. The approach successfully reduces the time-domain background noise from 1367 electrons (rms) to 408 electrons (rms) (an improvement of 70?%) and removes the high frequency noise components in the charge detection ion trap mass spectrometry. Unlike other smoothing or averaging methods commonly used in the mass-to-charge (m/Ze) domain, our approach does not cause any distortion of original signals.     

1,3,5-苯三甲醛的合成与应用研究进展

介绍了1,3,5-苯三甲醛的合成与应用。在1,3,5-苯三甲醛的众多合成方法中,以氧化还原方法最常见,此外水解、聚合等方法各具优点,在满足高产率和绿色化学方面有了更多选择。1,3,5-苯三甲醛是一种具有广泛开发应用前景的化学合成中间体,以其为原料合成的大分子物质具有优异的化学、物理特性和生物活性,在催化、光电、抗病毒,以及分子吸附和药物包材等方面具有广泛的应用。     

纳米Ru-Mn/ZrO2催化剂上苯选择加氢制环己烯

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列不同Mn含量的纳米Ru-Mn催化剂,考察了纳米ZrO₂作分散剂时它们催化苯选择加氢制环己烯的反应性能,并采用X射线衍射、透射电镜、N₂物理吸附、X射线荧光、原子吸收光谱和俄歇电子能谱等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,Ru-Mn催化剂上Mn以Mn₃O₄存在于Ru的表面上.在加氢过程中,Mn₃O₄可以与浆液中ZnSO₄发生化学反应生成一种难溶性的(Zn(OH)₂)₃(ZnSO₄)(H₂O)₃盐.该盐易化学吸附在Ru催化剂表面上,从而在提高Ru催化剂上环己烯选择性起关键作用.当催化剂中Mn含量为5.4%时,环己烯收率为61.3%,同时具有良好的稳定性和重复使用性能.     

General π‐Electron‐Assisted Strategy for Ir,Pt, Ru,Pd, Fe,Ni Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts with Bifunctional Active Sites for Highly Efficient Water Splitting

Both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are crucial to water splitting, but require alternative active sites. Now, a general π‐electron‐assisted strategy to anchor single‐atom sites (M=Ir, Pt, Ru, Pd, Fe, Ni) on a heterogeneous support is reported. The M atoms can simultaneously anchor on two distinct domains of the hybrid support, four‐fold N/C atoms (M@NC), and centers of Co octahedra (M@Co), which are expected to serve as bifunctional electrocatalysts towards the HER and the OER. The Ir catalyst exhibits the best water‐splitting performance, showing a low applied potential of 1.603 V to achieve 10 mA cm^?2 in 1.0 m KOH solution with cycling over 5 h. DFT calculations indicate that the Ir@Co (Ir) sites can accelerate the OER, while the Ir@NC₃ sites are responsible for the enhanced HER, clarifying the unprecedented performance of this bifunctional catalyst towards full water splitting.     

Observation of no significant surface enhancement of Raman scattering from benzoic acid molecules on mercury

There is controversy regarding the surface enhancement of Raman scattering due to liquid Hg, and the enhancement of benzoic acid molecules adsorbed on liquid Hg has been determined to be essentially zero. However, if the noise error bar is taken into account, the maximum enhancement is estimated to be less than 30. The same enhancement was observed when the temperature was reduced in solidifying liquid Hg.