贵州省地萼苔科植物初步研究

根据文献记载以及对采自贵州省各县市地萼苔科Geocalycaceae植物标本(300余份)的鉴定,经统计贵州省地萼苔科植物现有18种l变种,其中中华裂萼苔Chiloscyphus sinensis、爽气裂萼苔C.fragrans为贵州新记录.根据各个种的形态特征,编制了该科的分种检索表,并对新记录种的主要形态特征进行了...     

高校搭建大学生科研创新平台的探索与实践——以福建师范大学经济学院为例

分析了我国高校开展学生课外学术科技创新工作的现状,结合福建师范大学经济学院的具体做法,就如何搭建大学生参与科研创新活动平台进行有针对性的分析与探索,为高校工作中如何提升大学生创新能力、科研能力提供了新的思路.     

岷江上游河谷土壤粒径分形维数及其影响因素

运用土壤体积粒径分维模型计算了岷江上游河谷土壤粒径分形维数,分析了分形维数的空间变化特点及其与粒度组成、粒度参数和铁游离度等之间的关系.土壤粒径分形维数空间分布与气候、植被环境有关.分形维数可以反映粒径大小.分形维数与粒度标准偏差和峰度不存在相关性,样品粒度特征主要受原位母质风化影响.铁游离度(Fed/Fet)与分形维...     

The ribosome uses two active mechanisms to unwind messenger RNA during translation

The ribosome translates the genetic information encoded in messenger RNA into protein. Folded structures in the coding region of an mRNA represent a kinetic barrier that lowers the peptide elongation rate, as the ribosome must disrupt structures it encounters in the mRNA at its entry site to allow translocation to the next codon. Such structures are exploited by the cell to create diverse strategies for translation regulation, such as programmed frameshifting, the modulation of protein expression levels, ribosome localization and co-translational protein folding. Although strand separation activity is inherent to the ribosome, requiring no exogenous helicases, its mechanism is still unknown. Here, using a single-molecule optical tweezers assay on mRNA hairpins, we find that the translation rate of identical codons at the decoding centre is greatly influenced by the GC content of folded structures at the mRNA entry site. Furthermore, force applied to the ends of the hairpin to favour its unfolding significantly speeds translation. Quantitative analysis of the force dependence of its helicase activity reveals that the ribosome, unlike previously studied helicases, uses two distinct active mechanisms to unwind mRNA structure: it destabilizes the helical junction at the mRNA entry site by biasing its thermal fluctuations towards the open state, increasing the probability of the ribosome translocating unhindered; and it mechanically pulls apart the mRNA single strands of the closed junction during the conformational changes that accompany ribosome translocation. The second of these mechanisms ensures a minimal basal rate of translation in the cell; specialized, mechanically stable structures are required to stall the ribosome temporarily. Our results establish a quantitative mechanical basis for understanding the mechanism of regulation of the elongation rate of translation by structured mRNAs.     

Oxysterols direct immune cell migration via EBI2

Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2 (EBI2, also known as GPR183) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that is required for humoral immune responses; polymorphisms in the receptor have been associated with inflammatory autoimmune diseases. The natural ligand for EBI2 has been unknown. Here we describe the identification of 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (also called 7α,25-OHC or 5-cholesten-3β,7α,25-triol) as a potent and selective agonist of EBI2. Functional activation of human EBI2 by 7α,25-OHC and closely related oxysterols was verified by monitoring second messenger readouts and saturable, high-affinity radioligand binding. Furthermore, we find that 7α,25-OHC and closely related oxysterols act as chemoattractants for immune cells expressing EBI2 by directing cell migration in vitro and in vivo. A critical enzyme required for the generation of 7α,25-OHC is cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H). Similar to EBI2 receptor knockout mice, mice deficient in CH25H fail to position activated B cells within the spleen to the outer follicle and mount a reduced plasma cell response after an immune challenge. This demonstrates that CH25H generates EBI2 biological activity in vivo and indicates that the EBI2-oxysterol signalling pathway has an important role in the adaptive immune response.     

共沉淀-熔融法制备铁磁性微晶玻璃及其表征

采用SiO2-Na2O-CaO-P2O5-Fe2O3五元系统通过共沉淀-熔融法制备铁磁性微晶玻璃,利用XRD确定其晶相并计算晶体的晶格常数和晶粒尺寸,采用振动样品磁强计(VSM)测试样品的磁性能.结果证明,玻璃液在自然冷却的过程中形成了大量的磁铁矿,不需要热处理过程即可获得具有磁铁矿唯一晶相的铁磁性微晶玻璃,其比饱和磁矩为36.74 A.m2/kg,矫顽力为27 kA/m.     

HCV全长cDNA细胞培养适应性突变体的构建及其体外转录制备感染性RNA的研究

运用重叠延伸PCR方法对HCV全长基因组cDNANS3和NS5A上的E1202G、T1280I和S2197P进行细胞培养适应性突变,构建含有细胞培养适应性突变的HCV全长基因组cDNA,体外转录制备RNA,脂质体法转染人肝癌细胞Huh-7,以RT-PCR检测HCV正、负链RNA,间接免疫荧光法和Western blot检测细胞内HCVNS3蛋白的表达。结果证明,转染后细胞内可间断检测到HCV正、负链RNA及HCVNS3蛋白的表达,且突变体RNA与未突变的HCVRNA相比,明显具有更高的复制效率和蛋白表达。该研究为后续HCV体外培养体系的研究提供了可在细胞内高效自主复制的HCV病毒模板。     

转录靶向性KDR启动子调控双自杀基因治疗肺癌的实验研究

从人肺癌细胞株中克隆KDR基因的启动子(kinasedomainreceptorpromotor,KDRp),构建KDR基因启动子调控的双自杀基因(CDglyTK)真核表达质粒pcDNA3-KDRp-CdglyTK,将其导入ECV304、L9981和NL9980细胞,建立相应的转基因细胞系,并应用不同的前药处理。体内、外实验结果显示:KDR启动子调控的双自杀基因在KDR高表达人肺癌细胞和人脐静脉内皮细胞靶向表达,而在KDR不表达的正常细胞或正常血管内皮细胞中未检测到双自杀基因表达;联合应用5-FC和GCV处理,对转双自杀基因细胞的杀伤作用显著高于单独应用5-FC或GCV,且二者显示了良好的药物协同作用。     

柴胡皂苷-d防治大鼠肾小球硬化的实验研究

目的:观察柴胡皂苷-d对一侧肾切除加单克隆抗体1-22-3注射造成进行性大鼠肾小球硬化的防治作用。方法:18只大鼠一侧肾切除1d后,尾静脉注射单克隆抗体1-22-3造成大鼠进行性肾小球硬化。随机分为3组,每组6只。第一组给生理盐水作对照,另外两组分别腹腔注射柴胡皂苷-d1.8mg和0.6mg/kg体重/d。在代谢笼内取大鼠造模后第1、4、8、14和21d尿液,并动态观察造模后第1、5、10、14和18d收缩压变化。21d后处死全部大鼠,进行血生化和肾组织光学显微镜检查,并利用RT-PCR和免疫荧光的方法分析了药物对炎症硬化因子TGF-β、I型胶原、"-平滑肌肌动蛋白("-SMA)和炎症细胞在肾小球和肾小管间质表达与分布的影响。结果:柴胡皂苷-d在减轻肾小球病理损害的同时,抑制了TGF-β在肾小球内的表达和a-SMA沿鲍曼氏囊的分布。柴胡皂苷-d治疗组CD8 T细胞和巨噬细胞在肾小球周围和肾小管间质的浸润也明显减轻。结论:柴胡皂苷-d能够有效地防治大鼠肾小球硬化,可能与抑制了TGF-β在肾小球内的表达和炎症细胞在肾小球和肾小管间质浸润有关。     

Design,Synthesis, and Cytotoxic Activity of Novel Natural Arylsulfonamide-Inspired Molecules

Primary arylsulfonamide functional groups feature prominently in diverse pharmaceuticals. However, natural arylsulfonamides are relatively infrequent. In this work, two novel arylsulfonamide natural products were first synthesized, and then a series of novel molecules derived from natural arylsulfonamides were designed and synthesized, and their in vitro cytotoxic activities against A875, HepG2, and MARC145 cell lines were systematically evaluated. The results indicate that some of these arylsulfonamide derivatives exhibit significantly good cytotoxic activity against the tested cell lines compared with the control 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), such as compounds 10l, 10p, 10q, and 10r. In particular, the potential molecule 10q, containing a carbazole moiety, exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against all tested cell lines, with IC₅₀ values of 4.19 ± 0.78, 3.55 ± 0.63, and 2.95 ± 0.78 μg/mL, respectively. This will offer the potential to discover novel drug-like compounds from the sparsely populated area of natural products that can lead to effective anticancer agents.