INACTIVATION AND MUTAGENESIS OF Herpes VIRUS BY PHOTODYNAMIC TREATMENT WITH THERAPEUTIC DYES

Dyes which photosensitize membranes may be clinically useful for photodynamic treatment (PDT) of Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. It is important to determine whether the enveloped HSV can be inactivated via membrane damage without affecting the genetic material. Selection of appropriate PDT conditions, including the choice of dye, could minimize viral mutagenesis. We determined the mutagenesis caused by PDT employing three membrane-photosensitizing dyes of potential use in cancer photochemotherapy (Photofrin II, polyhematoporphyrin esters, zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonates) and a DNA-photosensitizing dye (proflavine sulfate). The effects were compared to those caused by exposure of HSV to ultraviolet radiation (UV). The procedure consisted of incubating HSV with microgram/ml (microM) concentrations of the dye, irradiating the samples with broad spectrum visible/near-UV radiation (Daylight fluorescent lamps) and assaying the survival of the treated HSV. Zinc phthalocyanine was the most potent dye per absorbed photon for inactivating HSV. In parallel with determination of survival, progeny of the surviving virus were grown for determination of mutagenesis. The progeny virus was harvested and subsequently assayed in the presence and absence of 40 micrograms/ml iododeoxycytidine (ICrd) to determine the frequency of mutation to ICrd resistance. Mutation frequencies were determined for progeny from the 1-4% survival level. For PDT with each membrane-photosensitizing dye, only zinc phthalocyanine increased the mutation frequency over the untreated control. This increase was less than 2-fold. Proflavine increased the mutation frequency 2-3 fold over the untreated control. Ultraviolet produced a 15-20 fold increase over the untreated control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Search for new SS states in the K− induced K+K− system

Results from the first PWA of the K⁺K^? system produced by incident K^?, are presented in the mass range from the threshold to 1.70 GeV. In the P and D waves only the φ and f′ mesons are observed and their production mechanism studied. A broad S wave peaking at 1.4 GeV is observed but the lack of information about its phase makes the search for new 0⁺⁺ mesons inconclusive.     

相对论性核碰撞中φ介子增强

用强子和弦级联模型LUCIAE系统地研究了相对论性p+p和Pb+Pb碰撞中φ介子产生.在模型框架内实验测得的158AGeV/cPb+Pb碰撞中φ介子产额相对于同能量p+p碰撞的增强现象,依赖于弦发射胶子的集体效应和奇异夸克压低约化两机制,在一定程度内能得到解释.     

Oxygen migration in primary nitroalkenes under electron-impact

Several primary nitroalkenes have been shown to undergo migration of oxygen to the carbon-carbon double bond during mass spectrometric fragmentation. The oxocarbonium ion species which result are rationalized as arising through cleavage of ionized epoxide intermediates.     

Production of f'(1520) in 8.25 GeV/c K−p interactions

We present results for the hypercharge exchange reaction K^?p→f' λ from a high statistics experiment at 8.25 GeV/c using the CERN 2m HBC. The total and differential cross sections have been measured; the polarisation of the Λ hyperon and the f' density matrix elements have been calculated as functions of momentum transfer. We also present detailed information on the relative strength of the natural and unnatural parity exchange contributions to the production mechanism.     

Numerical experiments with various optimal estimators

Numerical experiments are performed to measure the relative accuracy and computational efficiency of various estimators for the parameters and state of a linear dynamic system with forcing using a finite sequence of measurements containing noise. This nonlinear estimation problem is treated by estimators based on least-squares and maximumlikelihood criteria and, for the linearized problem, two mechanizations of the Kalman-Bucy estimator are applied. A digital computer simulation of an example problem is performed, and a Monte Carlo technique is used to generate statistics of the errors in the estimates empirically. This process is carried out for a range ofa priori error statistics.This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Systems Grant No. GU-1153.     

Rotation energies for deuterated H+3 oscillators in zero-point states of vibration

Previous ab initio studies of deuterated H⁺₃ molecular ions are extended to include rotational modes for the zero-point states of vibration. Rotation energies are obtained using direct numerical diagonalization of vibration—rotation hamiltonian matrices, and nuclear wavefunctions as superpositions of mode-coupled anharmonic rotationless vibrators and related prolate symmetric top eigenfunctions. Relevance to recent searches for interstellar H₂D⁺ is noted.     

Dynamic stability of discrete spherical structural systems in fluid media

Summary The dynamic response of a two degree of freedom spherical structural system immersed in viscous fluid media is studied with the fluid reactions obtained byBasset included in the differential equations of motion. Closed form solutions for the response of such systems are presented and a dynamic stability criterion based on the form of the solutions is developed. The solutions and the stability criterion are applicable to the limiting case when the system is surrounded by a vacuum. The various regions of stability and instability are delineated, and it is shown that the type of instability is significantly influenced by the physical properties of the surrounding fluid medium.

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Übersicht Es wird das Verhalten eines mechanischen Systems von zwei Freiheitsgraden untersucht, das aus zwei miteinander verbundenen, kugelförmigen Massen in einer zähen Flüssigkeit besteht. Dabei werden die Zusatzmassen der mitbewegten Flüssigkeit nachBasset in den Bewegungsgleichungen berücksichtigt. Es werden geschlossene Lösungen für die Bewegungen angegeben und daraus die Stabilitätsbedingungen ermittelt. Lösungen und Stabilitätsbedingungen können auch noch auf den Grenzfall eines im Vakuum befindlichen Systems angewendet werden. Die Parameterbereiche für Stabilität und Instabilität werden beschrieben, und es wird gezeigt, daß die Art der Instabilität wesentlich durch die physikalischen Eigenschaften der umgebenden Flüssigkeit bestimmt wird.

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The research upon which this paper is based was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant Nos. GK-479 and GP-2094 to Northwestern University.     

Study of the centrally produced ωρ0 and ωω systems inpp interactions at 300 GeV/c

We have performed a search for vector-vector final states centrally produced in proton proton interactions at 300 GeV/c using the CERN Ω spectrometer. Evidence is found for ωρ⁰ production in the reactionpp→p _f (2π⁺2π^?2π⁰)p _s and for ωω production in the reactionpp→p _f (2π⁺2π^?2π⁰)p _s . However no evidence is found for ωø production in the reactionpp→p _f (K ⁺ K ^?π⁺π^?π⁰)p _s .     

Manganese‐Catalyzed Hydrofunctionalization of Alkenes

The manganese‐catalyzed hydrosilylation and hydroboration of alkenes has been developed using a single manganese(II) precatalyst and reaction protocol. Both reactions proceed with excellent control of regioselectivity and in high yields across a variety of sterically and electronically differentiated substrates (25 examples). Alkoxide activation, using NaO^tBu, was key to precatalyst activation and reactivity. Catalysis was achieved across various functional groups and on gram‐scale for both the developed methodologies with catalysts loadings as low as 0.5 mol %.