相对论和超光速——Ⅰ.运动学部分

本文表明,如果我们认识到狭义相对论不能排斤超光速运动存在的可能性,并按爱因斯坦的方法重新讨论狭义相对论,一个新的运动学将可建立.当物质以亚光速运动时,它将保留狭义相对论运动学的全部意义;而当物质以超光速运动时,则给出了新的内容.     

PX型差动无级变速器的功率流和效率分析

本文通过输出轴转速为0-500 r/min、0-250 r/min和-100-+100 r/min的PX系列差动无级变速器的设计,分析了该传动装置中存在的功率流及回流功率的情况、该装置可能出现的十二种组合及最佳方案ee'(1)联接;分析了不同的功率流向(正的和负的功率回流型)流经P型无级变速器的功率是不同的;导出了功率比P_(f/e)和总效率η的计算式,利用计算机画出了效率曲线;在以上分析的基础上作出了一些很有意义的结论,为差动无级变速器的设计提供了重要的理论依据.     

电腐蚀法制备n-Bi_2 S_3光电极

电腐蚀法是以金属腐蚀原理为基础的。它是一种极为简便的制备光电报的方法。对于n—Bi_2S_3光电极的制备,只要将镀有铋的金属或导电膜放在电腐蚀液(硫化物电解质溶液)中,加上一定的电压,便可在金属基板或导电膜上形成一层具有光电性的硫化物沉积物,此即n—Bi_2S_3,且有半导体性能,其禁带宽度为1.22ev。它在一定的电解液中具有较好的稳定性,我们对n—Bi_2S_3电极进行了初步的研究,发现在光的长期照射下,光电性基本不变。     

中国盘菌目新属和新种及其系统地位

本文描述了产自中国云南省盘菌目Pezizales新属——假地耳属Otideopsis Liu et Cao gen.nov。和新种——云南假地耳O.Yunnanensis Liu et Cao sp.nov.,并对其在盘菌目中的系统地位作了论述。     

单螺杆泵输送不同粘度液体时的外特性及汽蚀特征

本文用不同粘度的液体对单螺杆泵的外特性和汽蚀特性进行了实验研究,分析了外特性曲线的变化特点,讨论了粘度变化对特性和能量分配的影响,并对单螺杆泵的汽蚀特性曲线和汽蚀条件下的能量平衡关系进行了初步的分析和探讨。     

白光散斑法的几个基本问题

本文进一步分析了白光散斑全场位移分析公式,给出全场分析法与逐点分析法衍射晕、灵敏度以及条纹级数之间的关系,讨论了白光散斑法的最小可测位移,给出一种简单的提高白光散斑灵敏度的方法,使其测量灵敏度接近波长级。本文还给出二种干涉条纹级数判别与细分及计算刚体位移影响的方法。     

Spectral analysis and numerical simulation for second order elliptic operator with highly oscillating coefficients in perforated domains with a periodic structure

This paper discusses the spectral properties and numerical simulation for the second order elliptic operators with rapidly oscillating coefficients in the domains which may contain small cavities distributed periodically with period ε. A multiscale asymptotic analysis formula for this problem is obtained by constructing properly the boundary layer. Finally, numerical results are given, which provide a strong support for the analytical estimates     

Tripeptides adopt stable structures in water. A combined polarized visible Raman,FTIR, and VCD spectroscopy study

We have measured the band profile of amide I in the infrared, isotropic, and anisotropic Raman spectra of L-alanyl-D-alanyl-L-alanine, acetyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine, L-vanyl-L-vanyl-L-valine, L-seryl-L-seryl-L-serine, and L-lysyl-L-lysyl-L-lysine at acid, neutral, and alkaline pD. The respective intensity ratios of the two amide I bands depend on the excitonic coupling between the amide I modes of the peptide group. These intensity ratios were obtained from a self-consistent spectral decomposition and then were used to determine the dihedral angles between the two peptide groups by means of a recently developed algorithm (Schweitzer-Stenner, R. Biophys. J. 2002, 83, 523-532). The validity of the obtained structures were checked by measuring and analyzing the vibrational circular dichroism of the two amide I bands. Thus, we found two solutions for all protonation states of trialanine. Assuming a single conformer, one obtains a very extended beta-helix-like structure. Alternatively, the data can be explained by the coexistence of a 3(1)(PII) and a beta-sheet-like structure. Acetyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine exhibits a structure which is very similar to that obtained for trialanine. The tripeptide with the central D-alanine adopts an extended structure with a negative psi and a positive phi angle. Trivaline and triserine adopt single beta(2)-like structures such as that identified in the energy landscape of the alanine dipeptide. Trilysine appears different from the other investigated homopeptides in that it adopts a left-handed helix which at acid pD is in part stabilized by hydrogen bonding between the protonated carboxylate (donor) and the N-terminal peptide carbonyl. Our result provides compelling evidence for the capability of short peptides to adopt stable structures in an aqueous solution, which at least to some extent reflect the intrinsic structural propensity of the respective amino acids in proteins. Furthermore, this paper convincingly demonstrates that the combination of different vibrational spectroscopies provides a powerful tool for the determination of the secondary structure of peptides in solution.     

Determination of active ingredients of Rhododendron dauricum L. by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection

High-performance capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection was employed to analyse active ingredients of Rhododendron dauricum L., an important crude herb frequently used in Chinese medicines. Farrerol, quercetin, syringic acid, vanillic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid are major important active ingredients. Operated in a wall-jet configuration, a 300-microm diameter carbon-disk electrode was used as the working electrode, which exhibits a good response at +950 mV (vs. saturated calomel electrodes) for six analytes. Under the optimum conditions, the analytes were baseline separated within 16 min in a borax buffer (pH 8.7). Notably, excellent linearity was obtained over two orders of magnitude with detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 9 x 10(-7) to 3.0 x 10(-6) M for all analytes. This method was successfully used in the analysis of Rhododendron dauricum L. with relatively simple extraction procedures, and the assay results were satisfactory.     

Spectroscopic investigation on the telomeric DNA base sequence repeat

Telomeres are protein-DNA complexes at the terminals of linear chromosomes, which protect chromosomal integrity and maintain cellular replicative capacity. From single-cell organisms to advanced animals and plants, structures and functions of telomeres are both very conservative. In cells of human and vertebral animals, telomeric DNA base sequences all are (TTAGGG)n. In the present work, we have obtained absorption and fluorescence spectra measured from seven synthesized oligonucleotides to simulate the telomeric DNA system and calculated their relative fluorescence quantum yields on which not only telomeric DNA characteristics are predicted but also possibly the shortened telomeric sequences during cell division are implied. Oligonucleotide 5′-TTAGGGTTAGGG holds a low relative fluorescence quantum yield and remarkable excitation energy innerconversion, which tallies with the telomeric sequence of (TTAGGG)n. This result shows that telomeric DNA has a strong non-radiative or innerconvertible capability.