Monolayer and multilayer compact film formations on different substrates by physical deposition

Dissipative particle dynamics simulations are applied to investigate the monolayer and multilayer film formations on different solid substrates by physical deposition. The influences of the polymer concentration, the polymer chain length, the solvent quality, and the interactions between the polymer solution and the solid substrate surface on the film formation dynamics and the mechanism are studied in detail. The results are analyzed in terms of the thickness and the shape of the deposited film, the kinetics of phase separation in the polymer solution, and the contact angle formed between the polymer aggregations and the substrate surface. Moreover, we suggest two strategies, designing a deposition process analogous to “chemical titration” and physically blocking interlayer diffusion by a simple crosslinked network barrier, to deposit the compact monolayer and multilayer films with better quality, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 353–365, 2009     

Poly(L‐lactide) crystallization induced by multiwall carbon nanotubes at very low loading

Poly(L ‐lactide) (PLLA)/multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT) composites were prepared by the solvent‐ultrasonic‐casting method. Only very low concentrations of MWNTs (<0.08 wt %) were added in the composites. Isothermal and nonisothermal crystalline measurements were carried out on PLLA/MWNT composites to investigate the effect of MWNTs on PLLA crystalline behavior. DSC results showed that the incorporation of MWNTs significantly shortened the crystalline induction time and increased the final crystallinity of the composite, which indicated MWNTs have a strong nucleation effect on PLLA even at very low concentrations. The nonisothermal crystallization measurements showed that the MWNTs greatly speed up crystallization during cooling. From isothermal crystallization results, both PLLA and PLLA/MWNT composites samples closely followed a relationship based on Lauritzen‐Hoffman theory, with the regime II to III transition shifting to lower temperature with increasing MWNT concentration. A double melting peak appeared in both nonisothermal and isothermal measurements. The conditions under which it appeared were found to closely depend on the regime II‐III transition temperature obtained from Lauritzen‐Hoffman theory. From the magnitude and position of melting peaks, it is proposed that the double melting peak is caused by a disorder‐order crystal phase transition. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2341–2352, 2009     

Structure elucidation of three diphenyl ether derivatives from the mangrove endophytic fungus SBE‐14 from the South China Sea

Two new natural products, tenelate A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ), together with the known compound, tenellic acid C ( 3 ), were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Talaromyces sp. (SBE‐14), from the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, mainly 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

电子与氮分子的散射研究

本文介绍了中能电子与氮分子的散射的两种理论方法，并给出了理论计算与实验结果的比较以及对该方向的展望。     

基于先验知识的神经元模型实现pH检测和控制

针对pH中和过程存在着高度的非线性和不确定性的问题,提出了基于先验知识结合神经元控制完成pH值的检测和控制操作,并分析了pH值有时会产生振荡现象的原因.实验结果表明,该方法可以有效控制具有严重非线性特性的pH中和过程.     

不同营养水平下中华倒刺鲃觅食和隐匿行为间的权衡

【目的】考查营养水平对鱼类觅食和隐匿行为的影响。【方法】将 80 尾体质量为( 3.83±0.03 ) g 的中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis )幼鱼在( 25±1 ) ℃ 条件下驯化 14d 后分为不同营养水平的 4 组,即摄食后 2h 组(消化状态)、禁食2d 组(空腹状态)、 14d 短期饥饿组及 56d 长期饥饿组。随后记录分析各处理组实验鱼在觅食环境和隐蔽环境之间的选择行为。【结果】摄食后 2h 组的实验鱼的觅食潜伏期明显大于其他处理组,而 56d 长期饥饿组在隐蔽场所的停留时间有所缩短。不同处理组的实验鱼在选择区的游泳行为没有明显差异;56d 长期饥饿组在食物区的停留时间和移动距离均大于其他处理组,并在 p <0.05 水平具有统计学意义;摄食后 2h 组、禁食 2d 组和 14d 短期饥饿组在选择区停留时间和移动距离均大于食物区,并在 p <0.05 水平具有统计学意义; 56d 长期饥饿组在食物区停留时间较其他处理组更长且在p <0.05 水平具有统计学意义,但在食物区与选择区的移动距离无统计学意义上的差异。【结论】长时间的饥饿会影响中华倒刺鲃在觅食行为和隐匿行为之间的权衡。
     

Ethylene polymerizations,and the copolymerizations of ethylene with hexene or norbornene with highly active mono(β‐enaminoketonato) vanadium(III) catalysts

Five novel vanadium(III) complexes [PhN = C(R₂)CHC(R₁)O]VCl₂(THF)₂ ( 4a : R₁ = Ph, R₂ = CF₃; 4b : R₁ = t‐Bu, R₂ = CF₃; 4c : R₁ = CF₃, R₂ = CH₃; 4d : R₁ = Ph, R₂ = CH₃; 4e : R₁ = Ph, R₂ = H) have been synthesized and characterized. On activation with Et₂AlCl, all the complexes, in the presence of ethyl trichloroacetate (ETA) as a promoter, are highly active precatalysts for ethylene polymerization, and produce high molecular weight and linear polymers. Catalyst activities more than 16.8 kg PE/mmol_V h bar and weight‐average molecular weights higher than 173 kg/mol were observed under mild conditions. The copolymerizations of ethylene and norbornene or 1‐hexene with the precatalysts were also explored, which leads to high molecular weight copolymers with high comonomer incorporation. Catalyst activity, comonomer incorporation, and polymer molecular weight as well as polydispersity index can be controlled over a wide range by the variation of precatalyst structure and the reaction parameters such as Al/V molar ratio, comonomer feed concentration, and polymerization temperature. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2038–2048, 2008     

S为1/2体系粉末或冷冻玻璃态电子自旋共振谱的模拟

本文较详细地介绍了模拟s为1/2体系粉末或冷冻玻璃态电子自旋共振谱的理论基础。给出了具体计算公式,利用这些公式完全可以在微机上进行计算机模拟电子自旋共振谱。