3种药用石斛鉴别特征的综合分析

目的 综合分析铁皮石斛、细茎石斛和齿瓣石斛的显微和红外光谱特征,为3种药用石斛的鉴别提供依据。方法 采用徒手切片和显微测量方法观察分析3种药用石斛茎的显微特征;用傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）及其导数光谱法测定其红外光谱特征。结果 3种药用石斛显微特征存在一定差异,铁皮石斛的角质层比较薄,厚度约4.9μm;铁皮石斛、细茎石斛和齿瓣石斛的茎表皮细胞类型分别是不均匀加厚型、无增厚型和均匀加厚型,其中细茎石斛表皮细胞壁加厚程度不大,仅为9.1μm;齿瓣石斛的厚壁组织细胞壁加厚程度明显,厚度为30.0μm。在3种药用石斛二阶导数光谱特征中,1585、1217和1049cm-1是细茎石斛的特有峰,1569、1450、1225和1073 cm-1是铁皮石斛和齿瓣石斛的共有特征峰,1011 cm-1是细茎石斛和齿瓣石斛的共有特征峰。结论 显微和红外光谱鉴定方法的综合分析和应用能对3种药用石斛提供更为准确的鉴别信息。     

Bi,Se和Te吸附n/p型石墨烯电子结构研究

本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究了Bi,Se,Te在缺陷(单空位,B掺杂和N掺杂)石墨烯上的吸附结构及电子和磁性质.研究表明:在能量稳定的Bi(Se)/石墨烯吸附体系中,Bi吸附诱导产生磁性;在空位缺陷石墨烯上的吸附会改变费米能级处态密度分布,影响体系的导电性质;在B(N)掺杂吸附体系中,B比N对吸附原子的影响大;除Se在B掺杂石墨烯上吸附外,Bi,Se,Te在其它n/p型掺杂吸附体系中均显示磁性.缺陷增强了Bi,Se,Te与石墨烯之间的相互作用,对吸附体系的电子结构和电荷分布有较大的影响.     

基于产品结构的炼钢连铸区段产能解析

生产能力是衡量钢厂生产运营状况的重要技术经济指标。通过对国内某全连铸转炉特殊钢厂生产过程的解析,确立了不同钢种在炼钢、精炼、连铸3个主体工序的运行时间参数。在此基础上探讨炼钢连铸区段中各工序产能与生产产品结构、炼钢连铸区段的系统产能与工序产能的关系,分析不同产品结构下制约系统产能的瓶颈工序,对此提出提高系统产能的相应改进措施。形成了具有普适性的炼钢连铸区段产能研究方法,为钢厂确定合理的产能和产品结构指标以及充分发挥整个炼钢连铸区段系统的生产能力提供一定指导和理论依据。     

Size-dependent surface reactions of Ag nanoparticles supported on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite

Various sizes of Ag particles were grown on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces, which had previously been modified with nanopits to act as anchoring sites. Surface reactions of O2, CHCl3, and CCl4 on the Ag particles and bulk Ag(111) surfaces were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and it has been shown that size dependence of O2 and CHCl3 reactions on Ag differs from that of CCl4. Weak reactions of O2 and CHCl3 were observed on the bulk Ag(111) surfaces, while strong reactions occur on Ag particles with medium Ag coverage, suggesting that the reactions are controlled by the number of surface defect sites. On the contrary, the dissociation of CCl4 is mainly determined by the exposed Ag facet area, mainly Ag(111) facet, and strong dissociation reaction happens on the bulk Ag(111) surface. The results suggest that the size effects, which are often discussed in heterogeneous catalysis, are strongly dependent on the reaction mechanism.     

Accelerated proteolysis in alternating electric fields for peptide mapping

Sinusoidal alternating voltages (typically 5 V) were employed to enhance the efficiency of proteolysis for peptide mapping in this work. Protein solutions containing trypsin were allowed to digest with the assistance of alternating electric fields (AEFs) between a pair of platinum wire electrodes in Eppendorf tubes. The feasibility and performance of the novel proteolysis approach were investigated by the digestion of several standard proteins. It was demonstrated that AEFs significantly accelerated in-solution proteolysis and the digestion time was substantially reduced to 5 min. The digests were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) with sequence coverages that were comparable to those obtained by using conventional 12-h in-solution proteolysis. The suitability of AEF-assisted proteolysis to real protein samples was demonstrated by digesting and identifying human serum albumin in gel separated from human serum by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The present proteolysis strategy is simple and efficient and will find a wide range of applications in protein identification.     

Study on the Binding Characteristic of Methamidophos‐Specific Molecularly Imprinted Polymer and the Interactions between Template and Monomers

A new molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was prepared using methamidophos (MAP) as the template molecule based on non‐covalent interaction. The complexes formed between template and monomers before polymerization were characterized by ¹H NMR titration test, FT‐IR and UV spectrometry study. These studies indicated that a 1:2 molecular complex formed dominantly between MAP and functional monomers. A model mainly involving cooperative hydrogen interaction was proposed by exact placement of functional groups. Association constant was estimated to be 2.894 × 10⁶ L²/mol². When the initial concentration of MAP was 1.0 mmol L^?1, the affinity capacity of MIP was 4.23 times that of NIP. The binding performance of MIP was modeled with the Freundlich isotherm (FI) and the total number of binding sites was calculated to be 33.97 μmol/g. The MIP showed great homogeneity with a heterogeneity index of m = 0.7356. The specificity of MIP was investigated by single‐analyte binding and molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction (MISPE) assays using MAP and other structurally related organophorous pesticides (OPPs). The results indicated that the MIP had a marked preference for MAP.     

Adsorptive Voltammetric Behaviors of Resveratrol at Graphite Electrode and its Determination in Tablet Dosage Form

The adsorptive voltammetric behavior of resveratrol was studied at a graphite electrode in B‐R buffer (pH = 6.0) solution using adsorptive cyclic voltammetric technique. The oxidation of resveratrol is an irreversible adsorption controlled process. The oxidation mechanism was proposed and discussed in this work. The dependence of the current on pH and the concentration and nature of buffer were investigated to optimize the experimental conditions for the determination of resveratrol. It was found that in the range of 8.0 × 10^?9 ～ 2.0 × 10^?6 mol/L, the currents measured by differential pulse voltammetries presented a good linear property as a function of the concentrations of resveratrol. In addition, validation parameters, such as reproducibility, sensitivity and recovery were evaluated as well. The proposed method was also successfully applied for the determination of resveratrol in Chinese patent medicine with good results.     

Synthetic Studies on Camptothecins. Part 1

A six‐step asymmetric total synthesis of (20S)‐camptothecin ( 1 ) has been accomplished in 25% overall yield starting from the known pyridone 3 . The key steps in this synthesis are the chemoselective Ni‐catalyzed hydrogenation of 3‐cyanopyridone 6 to 3‐formylpyridone 7 in AcOH/pyridine/H₂O and the Davis asymmetric hydroxylation of tricyclic lactone 4 utilizing a chiral N‐sulfonyloxaziridine into (4′S)‐tricyclic hydroxylactone 2 .     

Synthesis, structure, and electrocatalysis of diiron C-functionalized propanedithiolate (PDT) complexes related to the active site of [FeFe]-hydrogenases

New C-functionalized propanedithiolate-type model complexes (1-8) have been synthesized by functional transformation reactions of the known complex [(mu-SCH2)2CH(OH)]Fe2(CO)6 (A). Treatment of A with the acylating agents PhC(O)Cl, 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid chloride, 2-furancarbonyl chloride, and 2-thiophenecarbonyl chloride in the presence of Et3N affords the expected C-functionalized complexes [(mu-SCH2)2CHO2CPh]Fe2(CO)6 (1), [(mu-SCH2)2CHO2CC5H4N-4]Fe2(CO)6 (2), [(mu-SCH2)2CHO2CC4H3O-2]Fe2(CO)6 (3), and [(mu-SCH2)2CHO2CC4H3S-2]Fe2(CO)6 (4). However, when A is treated with the phosphatizing agents Ph2PCl, PCl3 and PBr3, both C- and Fe-functionalized complexes [(mu-SCH2) 2CHOPPh2-eta1]Fe2(CO)5 (5), [(mu-SCH2) 2CHOPCl2-eta1]Fe2(CO)5 (6), and [(mu-SCH2) 2CHOPBr2-eta1]Fe2(CO)5 (7) are unexpectedly obtained via intramolecular CO substitution by P atoms of the initially formed phosphite complexes. The simplest C-functionalized model complex [(mu-SCH2) 2CO]Fe2(CO)6 (8) can be produced by oxidation of A with Dess-Martin reagent. While 8 is found to be an electrocatalyst for proton reduction to hydrogen, starting complex A can be prepared by another method involving the reaction of HC(OH)(CH2Br)2 with the in situ generated (mu-LiS) 2Fe2(CO)6. X-ray crystallographic studies reveal that the bridgehead C atom of 8 is double-bonded to an O atom to form a ketone functionality, whereas the bridgehead C atoms of A, 1, 3, and 4 are equatorially-bonded to their functionalities and those of 5-7 axially-bonded to their functionalities due to formation of the corresponding P-Fe bond-containing heterocycles.     

Polymorphism in homochiral zinc phosphonates

This paper reports four homochiral zinc phosphonates, alpha-(S)-[Zn 2(pemp)(pempH)Cl] (1), alpha-(R)-[Zn 2(pemp)(pempH)Cl] (2), beta-(S)-[Zn 2(pemp)(pempH)Cl] (3), and beta-(R)-[Zn 2(pemp)(pempH)Cl] (4) [pempH 2 = (1-phenylethyl)amino]methylphosphonic acid]. Both 1 and 2 are enantiomers, crystallizing in an orthorhombic P2(1)2(1)2(1) space group, while 3 and 4 are polymorphic phases of 1 and 2, respectively, crystallizing in a monoclinic P2(1) space group. The polymorphism is induced by temperature or additional organic molecules.