学术论文写作的方法与思考——以北京大学中文系学位论文为例

通过对2010年北京大学中文系文学专业学生的博士和硕士学位论文进行分析,我们从总体上认为本届学生学位论文的选题和内容在侧重学科本位、克服方法论先行、现实关切等方面表现出较为突出的时代特点,它反映出新时期大学生学术研究方法的新趋向。     

Enhanced mechanical strength of hydroxyapatite nanorods reinforced with polyethylene

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanostructures may be an advanced candidate in biomedical applications for an apatite substitute of bone and teeth than other form of HAp. In contrast, well-defined size and shape control in synthesizing HAp nanostructures is always difficult. In this study, hydroxyapatite nanorods (HAp NRs) were prepared by simple hydrothermal method with controlling the reaction time without using any surfactant or templating agents. The nanostructure clearly depicts the growth stages of the HAp NRs by increasing the reaction time. The synthesized HAp has the rod like morphology with uniform size distribution with the aspect ratio of about 8–10. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and high resolution TEM (HRTEM) images show that the growth direction of the HAp is parallel to the (001) plane. The interplanar distances measured in segments (fringes) of the HRTEM micrograph were ~0.35 nm, corresponding to the interplanar spacing of the (002) plane of the hexagonal HAp. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicate that the improved crystallinity of the HAp by increasing the reaction time. The mechanical studies reveal that the improved tensile strength and the abrasion resistance are observed for the HAp nanorods reinforcing with high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE).     

新型中低速磁浮车辆振动传递特性研究

随着磁悬浮技术的飞速发展,一系列问题随之而来,其中磁悬浮车辆的振动问题是无法忽视。为了优化某新型中低速磁悬浮车辆的振动传递问题,本文建立了新型中低速磁悬浮车辆刚柔耦合模型;考虑车体弹性模态,采用扫频激励法,研究了磁浮车辆在不同激励模式下,在不同的振动传递路径下,车辆悬挂参数以及车下设备悬挂参数对振动传递的影响,以及有源设备振动对车体振动的影响,并分析了新型中低速磁浮车辆的动力学表现;结果表明,新型中低速磁悬浮车辆主要振动频率有2.6 Hz, 9.2 Hz、12.1 Hz和17.4 Hz等;优化垂向减振器阻尼等悬挂参数能够较好地抑制车体振动以及获得更好的动力学性能表现,减小车下设备悬挂刚度可以抑制车下有源设备的振动传递。     

Microwave spectrum of aminoborane,BH2NH2

The unstable species aminoborane, BH₂NH₂, has been identified as a reaction product of ammonia with diborane by microwave spectroscopy. The rotational constants determined are A = 138212 ± 4 MHz, B = 27487.83 ± 0.10 MHz and C = 22878.44 ± 0.11 MHz for ¹¹BH₂NH₂ and A = 138199 ± 6 MHz, B = 28420.36 ± 0.11 MHz and C = 23520.78 ± 0.12 MHz for ¹⁰BH₂NH₂. The dipole moment is 1.844 ± 0.015 D.     

Ring formation on heating poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-ammonium maleamate)

Poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-ammonium maleamate), when heated at up to 100°C while removing volatiles, is converted to polymer whose infrared, elemental analysis and T_g are consistent with a structure predominantly that of poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride). Maleimide comonomer units are a substantially lesser component. Evidence is presented that a part of the reaction sequence may involve hydrolysis of imide or amide.     

3-Dimethylarsino-propylamin, (CH3)2As?(CH2)3?NH2, und Bis-[3-amino-propyl]-methylarsan,CH3As[(CH2)3?NH2]2

3-Dimethylarsino-propylamine, (CH₃)₂As? (CH₂)₃? NH₂, and Bis-[3-aminopropyl]-methylarsane, CH₃As[(CH₂)₃? NH₂]₂ The reduction of the nitriles Me₂As(CH₂)₂? CN (Me?CH₃) and MeAs(CH₂CH₂? CN)₂ results in the formation of the arsines Me₂As(CH₂)₃? NH₂ and MeAs[(CH₂)₃? NH₂]₂, respectively. The reactivity of these compounds, especially the formation of carbonyl complexes and heterocyclic compounds are described.     

多模玻色二次多项式型系统的特性函数和准概率分布函数

运用多模玻色系统广义线性量子变换的普遍理论，对多模玻色二次多项式型系统进行了研究.给出了多模玻色二次多项式型系统的正规、反正规、Wigner特性函数、P表示和Q表示.举例讨论了该系统的压缩性质. 关键词： 多模玻色二次多项式型系统 特性函数 准概率分布函数     

All-angle broadband negative refraction of metal waveguide arrays in the visible range: theoretical analysis and numerical demonstration

In this Letter, we introduce a simple metal waveguide array for realizing all-angle wide frequency bandwidth negative refraction from the visible to infrared frequencies. Theoretical analysis from the rigorous coupled-wave theory reveals that the negative coupling constant resulting from the anomalous coupling of guided surface plasmon polariton modes contributes to the negative refraction. The analytical results are confirmed by finite-difference time-domain numerical simulations. Our result provides an alternative way to construct robust all-angle negative refractive materials operating in a wide range of frequency from the near-infrared to the visible range.