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An important aspect in the solution process of constraint satisfaction problems is to identify exclusion boxes which are boxes that do not contain feasible points. This paper presents a certificate of infeasibility for finding such boxes by solving a linearly constrained nonsmooth optimization problem. Furthermore, the constructed certificate can be used to enlarge an exclusion box by solving a nonlinearly constrained nonsmooth optimization problem. 相似文献
125.
Abdol R. Hajipour Arnold E. Ruoho 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(6):1277-1281
This article describes the preparation of benzyltriphenylphosphonium peroxodisulfate (BTPPD), an efficient and mild reagent for oxidation of a variety of aromatic and aliphatic thiols to the corresponding disulfides in refluxing acetonitrile. The experimental procedure is simple and the products are easily isolated in excellent yields. 相似文献
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We consider words over the alphabet [k] = {1, 2, . . . , k}, k ?? 2. For a fixed nonnegative integer p, a p-succession in a word w 1 w 2 . . . w n consists of two consecutive letters of the form (w i , w i ?+ p), i = 1, 2, . . . , n ? 1. We analyze words with respect to a given number of contained p-successions. First we find the mean and variance of the number of p-successions. We then determine the distribution of the number of p-successions in words of length n as n (and possibly k) tends to infinity; a simple instance of a phase transition (Gaussian-Poisson-degenerate) is encountered. Finally, we also investigate successions in compositions of integers. 相似文献
128.
Ratnakar N. Asolkar Ahilya Singh Paul R. Jensen William Aalbersberg Brad K. Carté Klaus-D. Feussner Ramesh Subramani Antonio DiPasquale Arnold L. Rheingold William Fenical 《Tetrahedron》2017,73(16):2234-2241
Six cytotoxic and antimicrobial metabolites of a new bromo-phenazinone class, the marinocyanins A-F (1–6), were isolated together with the known bacterial metabolites 2-bromo-1-hydroxyphenazine (7), lavanducyanin (8, WS-9659A) and its chlorinated analog WS-9659B (9). These metabolites were purified by bioassay-guided fractionation of the extracts of our MAR4 marine actinomycete strains CNS-284 and CNY-960. The structures of the new compounds were determined by detailed spectroscopic methods and marinocyanin A (1) was confirmed by crystallographic methods. The marinocyanins represent the first bromo-phenazinones with an N-isoprenoid substituent in the skeleton. Marinocyanins A-F show strong to weak cytotoxicity against HCT-116 human colon carcinoma and possess modest antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and amphotericin-resistant Candida albicans. 相似文献
129.
In life sciences,molecules are categorized into biological macromolecules(protein,DNA,RNA etc.)and small molecules(neurotransmitters,vitamins,drugs,natural products,water etc.).The main methodology of chemistry for life sciences is using chemical techniques and tools to explore and manipulate the functions of biological macromolecules.This methodology can be traced back to W hler’s synthesis of urea from"inorganic"compounds in 1828.Today,we realize that chemistry can advance a molecular understanding of biology,and the harnessing of biology can advance chemical knowledge as well[1–4].Chemicals are widely used as probes to investigate biological functions[5–7]. 相似文献
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An efficient and chemoselective method for the Friedel–Crafts acylation of aromatic compounds using P2O5/Al2O3 and carboxylic acids. Both aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids reacted easily to afford the corresponding aromatic ketones in good yields. 相似文献