A comparative analysis of a heat pump application with grey wastewater source for domestic hot water preparation in hotels

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - System for domestic hot water (DHW) preparation generally represents a considerable portion of the energy and water consumption in hotels worldwide. As...     

Study of a Composite Consisting of Metal Nanoparticles in a Dielectric Matrix and Multilayer Bandpass Filters Based on It

Doklady Physics - The frequency and concentration dependences of the effective complex permittivity of a composite consisting of silver nanoparticles in a polystyrene dielectric matrix have been...     

Ni-Cu纳米合金催化剂制备及析氧性能

Ni基纳米材料是一种高效制氧催化剂,是当前相关学术领域的研究热点.采用电沉积法制备高性能的Ni-Cu纳米合金催化剂,分析了其表面态调控对电化学性能的影响.在电子微扰和表面形貌的双重调控下,其电化学活性表面积稳步提升到5.45 cmz,其析氧反应动力学电位和反应过电位分别达到约132 mV和约164 mV.对催化剂的构-效机理研究结果表明,在合金化作用下,其高电位下的抗腐蚀性得到提升,Ni-Cu的表面稳定性得到显著提升,从而使其I-t耐久性提升到27000 s.这种高性能非贵金属合金材料对制备高效率、低成本催化剂,促进析氧反应材料商业化具有重要意义.     

Novel numerical techniques for the finite moment log stable computational model for European call option

Option pricing models are often used to describe the dynamic characteristics of prices in financial markets. Unlike the classical Black–Scholes (BS) model, the finite moment log stable (FMLS) model can explain large movements of prices during small time steps. In the FMLS, the second-order spatial derivative of the BS model is replaced by a fractional operator of order α which generates an α-stable Lévy process. In this paper, we consider the finite difference method to approximate the FMLS model. We present two numerical schemes for this approximation: the implicit numerical scheme and the Crank–Nicolson scheme. We carry out convergence and stability analyses for the proposed schemes. Since the fractional operator routinely generates dense matrices which often require high computational cost and storage memory, we explore three methods for solving the approximation schemes: the Gaussian elimination method, the bi-conjugate gradient stabilized method (Bi-CGSTAB) and the fast Bi-CGSTAB (FBi-CGSTAB) in order to compare the cost of calculations. Finally, two numerical examples with exact solutions are presented where we also use extrapolation techniques to achieve higher-order convergence. The results suggest that the proposed schemes are unconditionally stable and convergent, and the FMLS model is useful for pricing options.     

基于光谱空间重构的非监督最邻近规则子空间的高光谱异常检测

针对高光谱遥感影像维数高、数据量巨大且地物分布复杂,导致背景与异常难以区分的问题,提出一种基于光谱空间重构的非监督最邻近规则子空间异常探测算法.首先通过基于结构张量的波段选择算法,去除噪声像元,选择更有效的波段.然后,通过光谱空间重构增加背景与异常的绝对光谱距离.最后,为了充分利用背景字典之间的空间相似性信息,将空间距离权重引入到非监督最邻近规则子空间算法中,提高检测精度.为验证所提算法的有效性,用四组真实的高光谱数据进行实验,研究了不同参数对检测结果的影响.结果表明,与其他异常检测算法对比,所提算法具有更好的检测效果.     

Nonlinear modes in spatially confined spin–orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensates with repulsive nonlinearity

Nonlinear Dynamics - It was found that spatially confined spin–orbit (SO) coupling, which can be induced by illuminating Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with a Gaussian laser beam, can...     

Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Atroposelective C−H Amination of Arenes

N‐arylcarbazole structures are important because of their prevalence in natural products and functional OLED materials. C?H amination of arenes has been widely recognized as the most efficient approach to access these structures. Conventional strategies involving transition‐metal catalysts suffer from confined substrate generality and the requirement of exogenous oxidants. Organocatalytic enantioselective C–N chiral axis construction remains elusive. Presented here is the first organocatalytic strategy for the synthesis of novel axially chiral N‐arylcarbazole frameworks by the assembly of azonaphthalenes and carbazoles. This reaction accommodates broad substrate scope and gives atropisomeric N‐arylcarbazoles in good yields with excellent enantiocontrol. This approach not only offers an alternative to metal‐catalyzed C–N cross‐coupling, but also brings about opportunities for the exploitation of structurally diverse N‐aryl atropisomers and OLED materials.     

LC‐MS/MS analysis of Gegen Qinlian Decoction and its pharmacokinetics after oral administration to rats

A liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 12 constituents of Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD), namely puerarin, daidzein, baicalin, wogonoside, wogonin, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, berberine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, coptisine and glycyrrhetic acid, in rat plasma. The plasma samples were spiked with the internal standard (IS) carbamazepine acidified with HCl and extracted by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Shiseido Capcell PAK C₁₈ column utilizing a gradient elution profile and a mobile phase consisting of (A) 0.1% formic acid in water and (B) acetonitrile. Detection was performed in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min and a run time of 8 min. All of the calibration curves gave good linearity (r > 0.9930) over the concentration range from 0.6–360 to 16.2–9720 ng/mL for all components. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were <15.0% in terms of the relative standard deviation, and the accuracies were within ±13.7% in terms of the relative error. The method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of the major active compounds of Gegen Qinlian Decoction after its oral administration to rats. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新中国成立以来科技研发经费体系的发展

 梳理了新中国成立以来科技研发经费体系的发展历程。以科技研发经费发放全过程为视角，分析了科技研发经费发放主体、数量、领域及类别、对象。通过数据描述和文本分析，发现：（1）各部委尤其是财政部和科技部是政府经费发放的主体，财政部主要负责财政拨款，科技部主要负责经费分配，但总体来说企业在科技研发中投入更多经费；相应地，R&D经费支出的执行部门按支出数量排序，依次为企业、研究与开发机构、高等学校；（2）中国科技研发经费投入不断增加；国家财政科技拨款占公共支出的比例递减，但近年来稳定在4%左右；R&D经费投入强度逐年递增，且已超过一些发达国家；（3）虽然基础研究在R&D内部支出中所占比例最低，但科技经费的管理方开始越发重视基础学科；（4）科技专项计划类型的资助面向关乎国计民生的重要现实需求，说明中国科技研发经费体系兼顾基础研究和现实问题。