7-甲氧基-3′-羟基黄酮的合成及其紫外光谱性能

黄酮有很好的药理活性,应用广泛,但提取黄酮产量低、价格高,为了探索人工合成黄酮的新技术和合成新的黄酮,以天然产物丹皮酚为原料,碱催化间羟基苯甲醛和丹皮酚发生缩合反应,构建中间体产物Ⅰ;再在高温下以二甲基亚砜(DMSO)为溶剂,碘催化诱导其氧化关环得到目标产物Ⅱ,通过紫外、红外、元素分析及核磁共振等综合分析确定产物的结构,考察产物Ⅰ和产物Ⅱ在不同浓度酸碱盐溶液中紫外光谱的变化情况并分析其原因。结果表明,产物Ⅰ为2′,3-二羟基-4′-甲氧基查尔酮,产率82.2%,在不同浓度酸碱盐溶液中其紫外光谱均有变化,可与低浓度NaOH溶液作用,其生成物在30 min内能稳定存在,也易与KNO₃溶液作用,其生成物不稳定;产物Ⅱ为7-甲氧基-3′-羟基黄酮,产率92.0%,在HCl(4.0 mol/L)、NaOH、KNO₃溶液中能长期稳定存在。该合成工艺克服了缩合反应中需要保护羟基的问题,实现了7-甲氧基-3′-羟基黄酮的高效合成,产物Ⅰ未能形成4-色酮结构,其AB环上各有一个酚羟基,稳定性受环境影响较大,碱性环境下尤为突出,使用时应把控产物Ⅰ的存储环境,pH...     

水下并行隧道施工后行洞对先行洞的影响分析

以实际水下隧道为工程背景,建立数值模型,分析水下并行隧道后行洞施工对先行洞的影响.结果表明：后行洞施工主要影响距离该断面位置前后1.5倍洞径;后行洞施工后,围岩沉降分布形态发生变化,在左右拱顶较大,在两洞之间及两侧较小,即出现了“驼峰”;对于最大主应力,后行洞施工对靠近侧的右边墙影响较大;随着后行洞的施工,渗流影响范围逐渐向后行洞侧扩展,隧道周边渗流量的大小呈现拱顶和仰拱处的大于边墙的,而后行洞和先行洞之间的边墙渗流量大于外侧边墙的渗流量.     

多层粘钢加固砼梁的有限元仿真

根据粘钢加固钢筋混凝土梁各种组成材料的布置特点，选用分离式模型，建立了粘钢加固梁的有限元模型。利用建立的模型对同一钢筋混凝土梁在粘贴钢板量相同的情况下，采用不同层数粘贴的加固梁进行了分析。通过有限元分析发现，在相同荷载作用下，粘贴1层钢板梁的挠度及钢筋和混凝土的应力最大，粘3层次之，粘2层最小。这表明多层加固的效果优于单层加固，但加固层数不宜太多，这些结果与理论分析结果相吻合，这说明该模型对未开裂粘钢加固钢筋混凝土梁是适用的。     

Photo‐/Baso‐Chromisms and the Application of a Dual‐Addressable Molecular Switch

Two typical molecular switches of spiropyran (SP) and benzoxazine (OX) were fused by sharing an indole to achieve a new dual‐addressable molecular switch (SP‐OX‐NO₂). Through proper molecular modification with NO₂, the transformation from merocyanine (MC) to ring‐closed SP or ring‐closed OX can be controlled separately with visible light or base stimuli in solution, respectively, and these processes are verified by UV‐vis and NMR spectroscopy as well as control experiments. The cis‐merocyanine (cis‐MC) form is involved in the basochromic process in solution. DFT calculation suggests that the bidirectional switching property of the fused SP‐OX molecular switch can be controlled separately, when the OX isomer is more stable than the deprotonated SP isomer. Because of the significant color variations in solution, the simple dual‐addressable switch has been further successfully applied to construct a multicolor reversible display on paper.     

Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence in Metal‐Free Organic Materials

Purely organic materials with room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have attracted a growing interest for their potential applications in biological imaging, digital encryption, optoelectronic devices, and so on. To date, many strategies have succeeded in designing efficient organic RTP materials by overcoming the spin‐forbidden transition between singlet and triplet states. However, the underlying mechanisms of RTP still remain ambiguous. Such spin prohibition in phosphorescence are clarified, herein, from the perspective of perturbation theory, helping to understand the intrinsic relationship among various phosphorescence parameters, like phosphorescence efficiency, lifetime, intersystem crossing rate, as well as radiative and nonradiative rates. Taking into consideration the recent progress in organic RTP materials, these factors are further illustrated by a selection of the most relevant molecules. In addition, some novel RTP phenomena are also reviewed, thus providing an excellent guideline to constructing efficient RTP materials.     

一种基于智能手机的动态血压监测仪设计与实现

以嵌入式STM 32芯片为核心,设计了一种人体血压动态监测仪.设备包括采集电路、驱动电路、显示电路、蓝牙、微信小程序等模块,可通过智能手机上的微信小程序界面实时显示人体心率、舒张压和收缩压等数据,实现对血压敏感人群血压状态的动态监测和历史数据查询.     

A method to stabilize the incident X‐ray energy for anomalous diffraction measurements

A method to calibrate and stabilize the incident X‐ray energy for anomalous diffraction data collection is provided and has been successfully used at the single‐crystal diffraction beamline 1W2B at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facilities. Employing a feedback loop to control the movement of the double‐crystal monochromator, this new method enables the incident X‐ray energy to be kept within a 0.2 eV range at the inflection point of the absorption edge.     

利用交流阻抗传感技术实时监测纳米沟槽上皮肤细胞的定向行为

细胞定向行为在皮肤、骨骼等修复和再生中起着非常重要的作用.本文首次采用交流阻抗传感技术实时监测人真皮成纤维细胞（HFF）和人永生化表皮细胞（HaCaT）在纳米沟槽（宽度：200 nm,周期：400 nm,深度：70 nm）上的定向行为.结果表明,HFF细胞在纳米沟槽上先进行定向排列,再发生胞体的延长;HaCaT细胞无定向行为的产生,其粘附和铺展得到了延缓.与平面电极相比,HFF细胞在纳米沟槽上产生的交流阻抗信号（NI值）更大,前期定向排列比后期胞体延长引起的NI值变化更显著,且NI值与定向排列的细胞百分比之间存在着良好的线性关系;HaCaT细胞在纳米沟槽上的NI值更小,且粘附比铺展过程对NI值变化的影响更大.本文的研究将为复合型细胞传感器的发展提供思路和支持.     

Crystal plasticity study on stress and strain partitioning in a measured 3D dual phase steel microstructure

Dual phase steels are advanced high strength alloys typically used for structural parts and reinforcements in car bodies. Their good combination of strength and ductility and their lean composition render them an economically competitive option for realizing multiple lightweight design options in automotive engineering. The mechanical response of dual phase steels is the result of the strain and stress partitioning among the ferritic and martensitic phases and the individual crystallographic grains and subgrains of these phases. Therefore, understanding how these microstructural features influence the global and local mechanical properties is of utmost importance for the design of improved dual phase steel grades. While multiple corresponding simulation studies have been dedicated to the investigation of dual phase steel micromechanics, numerical tools and experiment techniques for characterizing and simulating real 3D microstructures of such complex materials have been emerged only recently. Here we present a crystal plasticity simulation study based on a 3D dual phase microstructure which is obtained by EBSD tomography, also referred to as 3D EBSD (EBSD—electron backscatter diffraction). In the present case we utilized a 3D EBSD serial sectioning approach based on mechanical polishing. Moreover, sections of the 3D microstructure are used as 2D models to study the effect of this simplification on the stress and strain distribution. The simulations are conducted using a phenomenological crystal plasticity model and a spectral method approach implemented in the Düsseldorf Advanced Material Simulation Kit (DAMASK).     

基于微纳结构液体灌注的超滑表面的制备与应用

超滑表面利用其基底上的微纳结构通过毛细作用将润滑油等液体锁定在孔隙中,孔隙中浸润的润滑油在基底形成一层动态油膜,油膜与不溶液体的液-液界面代替了固体与液体的固-液界面,从而大幅减少了滑动阻力。与传统具有类似低滚动角特性的超疏水和超疏油表面相比,孔隙中填充润滑油比空气具有更好的压力稳定性,而且润滑油的毛细流动性使得超滑表面具有良好的自修复能力。由于其明显的优势,近些年超滑表面已成为国际学术界研究热点,应用也拓展到防结冰、强化传热、减阻、抗生物黏附、微流控等领域。目前超滑表面研究仍存在重要挑战,例如如何避免润滑油的挥发带来的性能退化、如何针对各种材质和结构设计合适的加工工艺制备微纳结构等,这些问题限制了超滑表面的广泛应用。本文综述了超滑表面的制备工艺以及应用,分析了现存的问题,并且对超滑表面未来的发展趋势进行了展望。