硝酸钕和钐的水合物在水中溶解热的测定

本文用补偿式数字量热计测定了六水、四水硝酸钕和六水、五水硝酸钐298.15K时在水中的溶解热,求得了它们的标准生成热、相应的标准脱水焓和晶格能。     

硝酸稀土与氨酸配合物的合成及表征

大在相平衡研究的基础上合成了１２种硝酸稀土蛋氨酸的配合物。通式为ＲＥ的配合物用化学分析、ＩＲ、电子光谱、ＦＳ、Ｘ射线衍射、ＴＧ－ＤＴＧ和ＤＳＣ进行了表征，在ＩＲ光谱中观察到的“四分组效应”规律表明：稀土阳离子与蛋氨酸间存在一定程度的共价。     

三元配合物Ho(Et2dtc)3(phen)的合成及其热化学性质

改进文献方法,以铜试剂(NaEt2dtc·3H2O)和邻菲咯啉(o-phen·H2O)与低水合氯化钬(HoCl3·3.58H2O)在无水乙醇中反应,制得三元固态配合物.化学分析和元素分析确定该配合物的组成为Ho(Et2dtc)3(phen).IR光谱表明配合物中Ho3 与3个NaEt2dtc中的6个硫原子双齿配位,同时与o-phen中的2个氮原子双齿配位,可推测其配位数为8.用微量热量计测定了298.15 K下液相生成反应的焓变△rHm (1),为(-14.697±0.0376)kJ·mol-1,通过合理的热化学循环计算了固相生成反应焓变△rHm (s),为(117.504±0.619)kJ·mol-1;改变反应温度,研究了配合物的液相生成反应的热力学性质.配合物的恒容燃烧能△cU用精密转动弹热量计测定为(-18687.64±8.22)kJ·mol-1,其标准燃烧焓△cHm 和标准生成焓△fHm 经计算分别为(-18706.85±8.22)和(-70.01±9.37)kJ·mol-1.     

N-苯基-N′-(1,2,3-噻二唑-5-基) 脲生成反应的热化学性质研究

N-苯基-N′-(1,2,3-噻二唑-5-基)脲(Thidiazuron[1])是一种新型细胞分裂激素,可用于水果、蔬菜、棉花等多种经济作物,改善果实品质,提高座果率.有关物质的一般合成方法和熔点已有报道[2],但热化学性质尚未见报道.本文利用微热量计测定了Thidiazuron生成反应的焓变,通过计算得到了反应的一些热动力学参数.用热化学方法得到的结果对化合物的合成工艺及性质研究提供了可靠的科学依据[3～5].     

硝酸镝水合物热分解机理的研究

有关Dy(NO_3)_3·nH_2O(n=6、5、3.5、3)水合物的热分解,文献中只有少数报道,其中有的仅给出了图谱,没有提出热分解机理;有的虽提出了热分解机理,但结果不尽相同。目前有关低水合物的热分解机理研究尚无报道。为此,我们研究了Dy(NO_3)_3·nH_2O(n=6、5、3.5、3)的热分解过程,用Kissinger法计算了它们的脱水表现活化能和用DSC法测定了部分脱水过程的脱水焓。     

Thermochemistry on Coordination Behavior of Praseodymium Chloride Hydrate with Diethylammonium Diethyldithiocarbamate

The complex of praseodymium chloride lower hydrate with diethylammonium diethyldithiocarbamate (D-DDC) has been synthesized conveniently in absolute alcohol and dry N2 atmosphere. The title complex was identified as Et2NH2[Pr(S2CNEt2)4] by chemical and elemental analyses, the bonding characteristics of which were characterized by IR spectrum.The enthalpy of solution for praseodymium chloride hydrate and D-DDC in absolute alcohol at 298.15 K, and the enthalpy changes of liquid-phase reaction of formation for Et2NH2 [ Pr(S2CNEt2)4] at different temperatures were determined by miccocalorimetry. On the basis of experimental and calculated resuits, three thermodynamic parameters (the activation enthalpy, the activation entropy and the activation free energy),the rate constant and three kinetic parameters (the apparent activation energy, the pre-exponential constant and the reaction order) of liquid phase reaction of formation were obtained. The enthalpy change of the solid-phase title reaction at 298.15 K was calculated by a thermochemical cycle.     

硫酸锌与α-氨基酸的相化学及其新相的合成和表征

α 氨基酸锌作为添加剂在药物、食品和化妆品等方面都有广阔的应用前景[1,2 ] 。有关氨基酸锌的合成方法前文[3] 已述及。而用相平衡方法研究锌盐与氨基酸的配合行为的相化学[4] ,对新型配合物 ,特别是固液异成分化合物的合成有指导意义。本文对ＺｎＳＯ4与人体必需而非自生的Ｌ 亮氨酸 (Ｌ Ｌｅｕ)、Ｌ 色氨酸 (Ｌ Ｔｒｙ)、Ｌ 苏氨酸 (Ｌ Ｔｈｒ)和Ｌ 缬氨酸 (Ｌ Ｖａｌ)在水中的等温溶度性质进行了研究 ,构制了其相图 ,讨论了未形成化合物的原因。合成了未见报道的Ｚｎ(Ｌｅｕ)ＳＯ4·0 .5Ｈ2 Ｏ ,Ｚｎ(Ｖａｌ)ＳＯ4·Ｈ2 Ｏ和固态配合物…     

Thermokinetic Study on the Complexation Reaction of the First-Row Transitional Metal Chlorides with Histidine

Introduction The first-row transitional metals of chromium, man-ganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper are essential trace elements to human body, which are connected with hundreds of metalloproteins and metalloenzymes, participating in ferment syntheses and playing an im-portant role in metabolism of nucleic acid, protein, carbohydrate and fat. L--histidine is one of the basic units of proteins and absorbed from food because of not being synthesized in human body. Therefore, it is of practic…     

Kinetic Study on the Exothermic First-stage Decomposition Reaction of 2,4,8,10-Tetranitro-2,4,8,10-tetraaza- spiro[5,5]undecane-3,9-dione

Introduction 2,4,8,10-Tetranitro-2,4,8,10-tetraazaspiro[5,5]udecane- 3,9-dione is a typical cyclourea nitramine (Figure 1). Its crystal density is 1.91 gcm-3. The detonation velocity according to =1.90 gcm-3 is about 8670 ms-1. Its sensitivity to impact is better than that of cyclotrimethy- lenetrinitramine. So it is the potential high explosive. Its preparation,1-3 properties,1-3 hydrolytic behavior4 and electronic structure3 have been reported. In the present work, we report its kinetic pa…     

Thermochemical Properties and Non-isothermal Decomposition Reaction Kinetics of N-Guanylurea Dinitramide （GUDN）

Introduction N-Guanylurea dinitramide (GUDN) is a new ener-getic oxidizer with higher energy and lower sensitivity. Its crystal density is 1.755 g·cm-3. The detonation velocity is about 8210 m·s-1. Its specific impulse and pressure exponent are 213.1 s and 0.73, respectively. It has the potential for possible use as an energy ingredient of propellants and explosives from the point of view of the above-mentioned high performance. Its preparation,1 properties2 and hygroscopocity2 have been …