电磁水处理对水环境及金属设备的影响

 水是冷冻冷却、中央空调、锅炉等中必需使用的导热介质,用于系统中的冷却或蓄能作用,但水长期储存于系统中会引起细菌、藻类滋生和设备腐蚀。有报道提出采用电磁水处理设备进行水处理可去垢灭菌藻并抑制金属腐蚀。本文以不锈钢水槽、电磁水设备、过滤芯柱、循环水泵等组成的实验平台为研究对象,通过跟踪测试水槽中水的硬度、溶解氧,以及分析水体的沉积物的化学组分和含量,评价电磁水处理对水环境及金属设备的影响。试验结果表明,电磁水处理对水体具有杀菌灭藻的功能,但同时也具有促进金属设备表面腐蚀的作用。     

基于PSW-DID模型的最严格水资源管理政策评估效应

水利是农业的命脉,农业节水灌溉是突破农业粮食生产的水资源瓶颈,2011年建立了最严格水资源管理制度。基于此,本文以塔里木河流域5个地州42个县市和兵团4个师为样本,使用倾向得分加权双重差分(PSW-DID)方法,从最严格水资源管理对扩大耕地灌溉面积以及促进农业发展两个方面,客观评价最严格水资源管理政策的实施效果。研究发现:(1)PSW-DID模型不仅解决了内生性问题,消除了样本选择性偏差,而且采用重叠权重实现了处理组与控制组之间的平衡,避免了PSM-DID模型中控制组样本损失,提升了估计的效率与稳健性;(2)最严格水资源管理红线的划定对耕地灌溉面积扩大有正向促进作用,政策实施效果因灌区类型、耕地类型不同而产生差异;(3)耕地灌溉面积扩大可以为最严格水资源管理政策在推动农业发展方面提供重要保障,在中型灌区实施该政策对农业生产总值的促进效果更加显著。     

Magnetotransport Properties of a Nodal Line Semimetal TiSi

We report the magnetoresistance(MR), de Haas-van Alphen(dHvA) effect and Hall effect measurements on a single crystal of TiSi, which is predicted to be a nodal line semimetal. With application of a magnetic field, a metal-to-insulator-like transition in ρ(T) and a nonsaturating MR are observed at low temperatures. The dHvA oscillations reveal a small Fermi-surface pocket with a nontrivial Berry phase. The analysis of the nonlinear Hall resistivity shows that TiSi is a multiband system with low carrier densities and high mobilities. All these results unambiguously prove the existence of Dirac fermions in TiSi.     

黏弹细棒中直达波提取及其动态力学参数的宽频测试

黏弹性材料的动态力学参数可通过对材料样品中纵波测试并结合波速法计算得到。由于测试样品尺寸的限制,除了高损耗材料在高频范围外,不管是在样品端头或侧面都难以获得准确的直达波信号,导致参数测量不准确。针对这个问题,对一端固定一端自由的黏弹性细棒中的纵波传播过程进行了分析,提出了黏弹性细棒直达波提取的方法,并实现了黏弹性材料动态力学参数的宽频测试。采用宽带脉冲作为测试激励信号,利用两台激光测振仪对细棒的固定端和自由端的振动速度进行测试,计算得到细棒自由端处的直达波。然后,利用提取出的直达波信号进行波速法计算,得到了黏弹性细棒宽频范围内的储能模量和损耗因子,宽频脉冲测试结果与黏弹仪测试结果相吻合,验证了该方法的有效性。基于直达波提取的宽频测试方法不仅效率高,而且可以使波速法应用于更低的频段。      

Light-scattering model for aerosol particles with irregular shapes and inhomogeneous compositions using a parallelized pseudo-spectral time-domain technique

To improve the modeling accuracy of radiative transfer, the scattering properties of aerosol particles with irregular shapes and inhomogeneous compositions should be simulated accurately. To this end, a light-scattering model for nonspherical particles is established based on the pseudo-spectral time domain(PSTD) technique. In this model, the perfectly matched layer with auxiliary differential equation(ADE-PML), an excellent absorption boundary condition(ABC) in the finite difference time domain generalized for the PSTD, and the weighted total field/scattered field(TF/SF) technique is employed to introduce the incident light into 3 D computational domain. To improve computational efficiency, the model is further parallelized using the Open MP technique. The modeling accuracy of the PSTD scheme is validated against Lorenz–Mie, Aden–Kerker, T-matrix theory and DDA for spheres, inhomogeneous particles and nonspherical particles, and the influence of the spatial resolution and thickness of ADE-PML on the modeling accuracy is discussed as well. Finally, the parallel computational efficiency of the model is also analyzed. The results show that an excellent agreement is achieved between the results of PSTD and well-tested scattering models, where the simulation errors of extinction efficiencies are generally smaller than 1%, indicating the high accuracy of our model. Despite its low spatial resolution, reliable modeling precision can still be achieved by using the PSTD technique, especially for large particles. To suppress the electromagnetic wave reflected by the absorption layers, a six-layer ADE-PML should be set in the computational domain at least.     

纳米材料改变岩石矿物润湿性的研究进展

在油气开采过程中,储层岩石润湿性变化能显著提高油气产量,因而改变润湿性技术具有很大的发展潜力.将储集层岩石润湿状态转变为亲水状态的新方法和新化学剂引起了石油研究人员的高度重视.纳米材料在其他科学领域已经有较广泛的应用,但其在石油开采中仍处在探索发展阶段.综述不同种类纳米材料在改变油气藏岩石矿物润湿性方面的研究进展,同时讨论两种岩石矿物类型(灰岩和砂岩),总结纳米粒子的种类、尺寸等因素对纳米材料性能的影响.重点介绍测量润湿性变化的两种方法,即动态测量法和静态测量法.通过将纳米材料和其他化学剂相组合,讨论不同类型流体和不同注入过程的岩心驱替试验.展望纳米材料在提高油气最终采收率方面的应用前景.     

斜桩加固下覆倾斜基底软土桩-网复合地基离心模型试验

通过2组相似比为1:100的土工离心模型试验,研究斜桩对既有下覆倾斜基底软土桩-网复合地基的加固效果。试验结果表明,采用斜桩加固既有下覆倾斜基底软土桩-网复合地基,可有效减小路堤顶面的工后位移(竖向、水平),控制路堤顶面两侧沉降差的发展;同时,斜桩加固能有效抑制既有复合地基中斜坡桩、摩擦桩的桩顶水平和竖向位移,防止土工格栅的破坏及复合地基非对称"盆状"沉降的产生和发展;此外,斜桩加固可显著减小既有复合地基中的水平向推力,提高地基刚度及稳定性。研究表明,斜桩是加固既有下覆倾斜基底软土桩-网复合地基的有效措施。     

GPS/GLONASS/BDS/Galileo数据质量的对比分析

论文采用MGEX（Multi-GNSS Experiment, MGEX）80个观测站点数据,选择数据利用率、周跳比和多路径效应等运用Anubis软件研究了定位性能的定量评价方法。结果表明,GPS、GLONASS和Galileo数据利用率的平均值均大于设置的阈值（80%）,而BDS数据利用率的平均值较低,仅为58.04%;周跳比平均值从大到小依次为Galileo、BDS、GPS和GLONASS;所有频点中,Galileo系统E5频点多路径效应平均值最小,GLONASS系统G1频点多路径效应平均值最大。以定位精度和收敛时间作为定量评价指标,分别选取数据质量不同的观测站进行静态模拟动态单系统精密单点定位解算,分析表明周跳比对定位精度的影响程度更为显著,数据利用率和多路径效应与收敛时长无显著关联,周跳比大的数据收敛快。     

林芝市主城区典型生态用地空气质量评价

对林芝市主城区典型生态用地空气质量进行评价,以期为其市政规划及旅游发展提供依据.在市区选择典型生态用地,监测其空气正负离子、温湿度及大气颗粒物,采用单因素方差、多重比较及主成分分析等方法,对其空气质量指标的动态变化及综合评价进行研究.结果表明:①不同季节空气负离子含量日变化均呈"单峰"型,峰值出现在14:00左右;不同季节温湿度指数的日变化同空气负离子的日变化一致,夏季全天候均表现为舒适,冬季全天候均表现为寒冷;夏季及秋冬季节颗粒物(PM_(2.5),PM_(10),TSP)日变化分别表现为"线性递减"和"幂函数"型曲线.不同季节颗粒物含量达标率均在50%以上.②空气负离子、温湿度指数季变化从大到小均为:夏季、秋季、冬季,而颗粒物含量季变化从小到大均为:夏季、秋季、冬季;不同季节各生态用地在空气负离子、温湿度指数、颗粒物含量中大小顺序不一.③空气负离子、 PM_(2.5)、 PM_(10)、 TSP、温湿度指数及温度在第一主成分中的载荷系数较大(0.8以上),其对第一主成分的影响较大;绿地、水体空气质量优于湿地和对照点.绿地、水体附近空气质量较好,在市政规划时,应尽可能多地融入绿化和动态水的设计,夏季空气质量优于其他时间,建议市民夏季多多出行.     

Near-field characteristics of highly non-paraxial subwavelength optical fields with hybrid states of polarization

The vectorial structure of an optical field with hybrid states of polarization(So P) in the near-field is studied by using the angular spectrum method of an electromagnetic beam. Physical images of the longitudinal components of evanescent waves are illustrated and compared with those of the transverse components from the vectorial structure. Our results indicate that the relative weight integrated over the transverse plane of the evanescent wave depends strongly on the number of the polarization topological charges. The shapes of the intensity profiles of the longitudinal components are different from those of the transverse components, and it can be manipulated by changing the initial So P of the field cross-section. The longitudinal component of evanescent wave dominates the near-field region. In addition, it also leads to three-dimensional shape variations of the optical field and the optical spin angular momentum flux density distributions.