生物化学中酶促"不可逆"反应及其相关问题辨析

在生物化学教学和研究中,一些酶促反应被归类为不可逆反应。然而,此处的"不可逆"与物理化学中的"不可逆"有所不同,这一表述本身常导致学生的困惑。不仅如此,"不可逆"的实际含义及其衍生的观念可能进一步使学生产生很多对基本生化反应过程的严重误解。本文以物理化学所定义的"不可逆"为准,重新讨论生物化学中所指"不可逆"的准确含义,并举例讨论了包括"速控步""限速酶""高能磷酸键"在内的若干因生物化学中"不可逆"的不准确定义造成的认知误区。     

Design of a higher harmonic cavity for the SSRF storage ring

Higher harmonic cavity used in the third generation synchrotron light source increases the Touschek lifetime. The higher harmonic cavity of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is a 1.5GHz passive superconducting cavity. Its higher order modes (HOM) are extracted by a ferrite HOM damper out of the cryostat. Multi-cell cavity is chosen concerning the voltage. The harmonic cavity dynamics, beam dynamics with passive harmonic cavity and the design of single cell cavity are included in this paper.     

Studies on high order mode of bell-shaped prototype cavities

Aluminium and copper prototype cavities were designed to study higher order modes (HOM). An automatic field mapping system was developed with LabVIEW to measure the radiofrequency (RF) characteristics, such as resonant frequency, Q-value, shunt impedance and electromagnetic field distribution of the higher-order modes in a model RF cavity. Two kinds of the bell-shaped cavities were measured using the field mapping system, their frequencies are 1.5GHz and 800~MHz respectively. The fields' distributions of the monopole modes and dipole modes, as well the R/Q values, were measured.     

Fabrication of an Integrated Pixel with an Organic Light-Emitting Diode Driven by Copper Phthalocyanine Organic Thin Film Transistors

An organic integrated pixel with organic light-emitting diodes （OLEDs） driven by organic thin film transistors （OTFTs） is fabricated by a greatly simplified processing. The OTFTs are based on copper phthalocyanine as the active medium and fabricated on indium-tin-oxide （ITO） glass with top-gate structure, thus an organic integrated pixel is easily made by integrating OLED with OTFT. The OTFTs show field-effect mobility of 0.4cm^2/Vs and on/off ratio of 10^3 order. The OLED is driven well and emits the brightness as large as 2100cd/m^2 at a current density of 14.6 μA /cm^2 at -19.7 V gate voltage. This simple device structure is promising in the future large-area flexible OLED displays.     

Theoretical Investigation on Excitation,Ionization and Capture in H（1s, 2s） ＋ H（1s, 2s） Collisions

Cross sections of electron-loss in H（1s）＋ H（1s） collisions and total collisional destruction of H（2s） in H（1s） 4- H（2s） collisions are calculatted by four-body classical-trajectory Monte Caylo （CTMC） method and compared with previous theoretical and experimental data over the energy range of 4-100 keV. For the former a good agreement is obtained within different four-body CTMC calculations, and for the incident energy Ep 〉 10 keV, comparison with the experimental data shows a better agreement than the results calculated by the impact parameter approx- imation. For the latter, our theory predicts the correct experimental behaviour, and the discrepancies between our results and experimental ones are less than 30%. Based on the successive comparison with experiments, the cross sections for excitation to H（2p）, single- and double-ionization and H- formation in H（2s）＋H（2s） collisions are calculated in the energy range of 4-100 keV for the first time, and compared with those in H（1s）＋H（1s） and H（1s）＋U（2s） collisions.     

Fe-Cr-V-Ni-Si-C系多元合金的原子间互作用势的构建及应用

使用第一性原理赝势方法及量子化学从头算方法计算的物理量以及最小二乘法拟合的数据构建了多元合金Fe-Cr-V-Ni-Si-C系的原子间互作用势,并利用该原子间互作用势计算了实验合金N5(Fe9.07Cr7.56V0.8Ni0.49 Mo0.96Mn1.52Si3.3C),N6(Fe9.65Cr7.72V1.17Ni0.50Mo0.91Mn1.42Si3.3C),N7(Fe9.81Cr7.65V1.58Ni0.46Mo0.86Mn1.35Si3.3C),N8(Fe10.05Cr7.59V2.24Ni0.40M 关键词： F-S多体势 多元合金 第一性原理     

模拟蚂蚁觅食行为的乳腺钙化点边缘提取

针对计算机辅助乳腺癌诊断中钙化点的提取具有较大难度的问题,计算了乳腺数字图像中每个像素点的最大梯度值。首先按照等梯度合并的原则将像素点划分为像素组,按照等分整个梯度区间的原则给定初始梯度聚类中心,模拟蚁群觅食行为中学习机制,以概率选择的方式进行像素点组的聚类得到新的聚类中心,然后再以模糊C均值法(FCM)对得到的聚类进行优化,从而提取出属于钙化点边缘的像素点。实验证明,通过选择适当的参数,用此方法提取乳腺钙化点边缘的效果良好。     

发光二极管应用于光动力学疗法的可行性分析

讨论了发光二极管(Light-emitting-diode,LED)在航天医学中作为激光器的替代光源用于光动力学疗法(Photodynamic therapy,PDT)的可行性。分析了发光二极管用于光动力学疗法的优势,介绍了LED用于不同类型光敏剂进行PDT治疗的实验研究,概括了LED-PDT治疗系统在国内外的研制现状。说明了LED替代激光器作为PDT的激发光源是可行的。LED作为我国航天医学领域中的一种重要光源,为维护航天员的健康将会发挥重要作用。     

试论动能和动量的区别

动能和动量是两个形式相似、本质不同、易于混淆的量．学生在学习中难以理解和掌握．教师在教学中应该认真研究． 1 从历史的角度了解两个量 动能mv^2／2和动量mv,都是物体质量和速度的函数,都是反映物体运动状态的．     

SLC1A2基因SNP位点与拉布拉多和金毛猎犬活跃度的相关性研究

目的 检测SLC1A2基因SNP位点与拉布拉多和金毛猎犬活跃度的相关性,以期为导盲犬早期选育筛选有效的遗传学分子标记。方法 选取中国大连导盲犬培训基地的99只犬(拉布拉多犬80只,金毛猎犬19只),采用Passive test(PT)行为测试法对犬的活跃度进行评估。同时采集该99只犬的静脉血,提取血细胞中的基因组DNA样本,采用PCR/测序方法对该99只犬的SLC1A2基因T129C、T1549G 和T471C 3个SNP位点进行基因型鉴定,并统计分析犬的活跃度与SLC1A2 SNP位点的相关性。结果 SLC1A2 基因的3个SNP位点中,T129C和T1549G位点没有多态性,分别仅存在C/C型和G/G型。T471C位点存在3种基因型：T/T、T/C和C/C。这3种基因型与活跃度、性别以及品种间不存在显著相关性(P>0.05)。另外,品种与活跃度之间也没有显著相关性(P>0.05),但性别与活跃度间存在显著相关性(P=0.049)。结论 SLC1A2基因的T129C、T1549G 和T471C位点与导盲犬的活跃度不具有显著相关性,不能作为导盲犬的遗传学筛选的指标。由于性别与活跃度间存在显著相关性,因而在行为学测试中,对犬的活跃度评分标准应雌雄有别。